HIV status disclosure, facility-based delivery and postpartum retention of mothers in a prevention clinical trial in rural Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Within the context of a cluster randomized prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) trial, we evaluated the impact of disclosure on selected PMTCT continuum of care measures.

Methods: In 12 rural matched-pair clinics randomly assigned to an intervention package versus standard-of-care, we enrolled 372 HIV-infected pregnant women from April 2013 to March 2014. This secondary analysis included 327 (87.9%) women with unknown HIV status or who were treatment naïve at presentation to antenatal care. We employed mixed effects logistic regression to estimate impact of disclosure on facility delivery and postpartum retention in HIV care at 6 and 12 weeks.

Results: Fully 86.5% (283/327) of women disclosed their HIV status to their partner, more in the trial intervention arm (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.39-7.23). Adjusting for intervention arm, maternal age, education and employment, women who disclosed were more likely to deliver at a health facility (OR 2.73, 95%CI 1.11-6.72). Participants who disclosed also had a trend towards being retained in care at 6 and 12 weeks' postpartum (OR 2.72, 95% CI 0.79-9.41 and 2.46, 95% CI 0.70-8.63, respectively).

Conclusions: HIV status disclosure at 6 weeks' postpartum was positively associated with facility-based delivery, but not with early postpartum retention. Facilitating HIV status disclosure to partners can increase utilization of facility obstetric services.

Keywords: Couples counseling; Determinants; HIV status disclosure; HIV/AIDS; Nigeria; Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission.

Figure 1.

Flow chart depicting trial activities, Niger state, Nigeria.

Figure 2.

Proportion of enrolled women who disclosed their HIV status to their partners, by pair-matched sites, Niger state, Nigeria.