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. 2017 Jun;8(1):27-47.
doi: 10.5598/imafungus.2017.08.01.03. Epub 2017 Mar 10.

New species of Tulasnella associated with terrestrial orchids in Australia

Celeste C Linde  1 , Tom W May  2 , Ryan D Phillips  1 , Monica Ruibal  1 , Leon M Smith  1 , Rod Peakall  1
Affiliations

New species of Tulasnella associated with terrestrial orchids in Australia

Celeste C Linde et al. IMA Fungus. 2017 Jun.

Abstract

Recent studies using sequence data from eight sequence loci and coalescent-based species delimitation methods have revealed several species-level lineages of Tulasnella associated with the orchid genera Arthrochilus, Caleana, Chiloglottis, and Drakaea in Australia. Here we formally describe three of those species, Tulasnella prima, T. secunda, and T. warcupii spp. nov., as well as an additional Tulasnella species associated with Chiloglottis growing in Sphagnum, T. sphagneti sp. nov. Species were identified by phylogenetic analyses of the ITS with up to 1.3 % sequence divergence within taxa and a minimum of 7.6 % intraspecific divergence. These new Tulasnella (Tulasnellaceae, Cantharellales) species are currently only known from orchid hosts, with each fungal species showing a strong relationship with an orchid genus. In this study, T. prima and T. sphagneti associate with Chiloglottis, while T. secunda associates with Drakaea and Caleana, and T. warcupii associates with Arthrochilus oreophilus.

Keywords: ITS sequencing; host specificity; orchid mycorrhizas; species delimitation.

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Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Rooted MrBayes tree for Tulasnella obtained for ITS. The tree with the highest log likelihood is shown. The numbers above the branches are maximum likelihood bootstrap values/Bayesian posterior probabilities. Bootstrap values of ≥ 70 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities of ≥ 0.70 are shown. The branch length is proportional to the inferred divergence level. Host from which the Tulasnella isolate was collected from is indicated after the isolate number or GenBank number. Sequences from the holotype of each species is indicated in bold.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Barcode gap; percentage sequence divergence among Tulasnella isolates. The vertical arrow indicates the ~3.3 to 5.7 % ITS sequence divergence threshold for this dataset.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
Tulasnella cultures on quarter strength PDA (left), half strength FIM (middle) and 3MN +A-Z (right) media. A. Tulasnella prima (CLM159); B. T. sphagneti (CLM541); C. T. secunda (CLM009) and D. T. warcupii (CLM027).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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