Diaporthe is paraphyletic

Abstract

Previous studies have shown that our understanding of species diversity within Diaporthe (syn. Phomopsis) is limited. In this study, 49 strains obtained from different countries were subjected to DNA sequence analysis. Based on these results, eight new species names are introduced for lineages represented by multiple strains and distinct morphology. Twelve Phomopsis species previously described from China were subjected to DNA sequence analysis, and confirmed to belong to Diaporthe. The genus Diaporthe is shown to be paraphyletic based on multi-locus (LSU, ITS and TEF1) phylogenetic analysis. Several morphologically distinct genera, namely Mazzantia, Ophiodiaporthe, Pustulomyces, Phaeocytostroma, and Stenocarpella, are embedded within Diaporthe s. lat., indicating divergent morphological evolution. However, splitting Diaporthe into many smaller genera to achieve monophyly is still premature, and further collections and phylogenetic datasets need to be obtained to address this situation.

Keywords: Ascomycota; Diaporthales; Phomopsis; phylogeny; taxonomy.

Fig. 1.

Phylogenetic tree of the family Diaporthaceae from a maximum likelihood analysis based on the combined multi-locus dataset (ITS, LSU, TEF1). The ML bootstrap values ≥ 70 %, bayesian probabilities BPP ≥ 0.90 are marked above the branches. The tree is rooted with Valsa ambiens.

Fig. 2.

Phylogenetic tree of the genus Diaporthe from a maximum likelihood analysis based on the combined multi-locus dataset (CAL, HIS, ITS, TEF1, TUB). The ML bootstrap values ≥ 70 %, bayesian probabilities BPP ≥ 0.90 are marked above the branches. The tree is rooted with Diaporthella corylina. The novel species are highlighted.

Fig. 2.

Phylogenetic tree of the genus Diaporthe from a maximum likelihood analysis based on the combined multi-locus dataset (CAL, HIS, ITS, TEF1, TUB). The ML bootstrap values ≥ 70 %, bayesian probabilities BPP ≥ 0.90 are marked above the branches. The tree is rooted with Diaporthella corylina. The novel species are highlighted.

Fig. 2.

Phylogenetic tree of the genus Diaporthe from a maximum likelihood analysis based on the combined multi-locus dataset (CAL, HIS, ITS, TEF1, TUB). The ML bootstrap values ≥ 70 %, bayesian probabilities BPP ≥ 0.90 are marked above the branches. The tree is rooted with Diaporthella corylina. The novel species are highlighted.

Fig. 2.

Phylogenetic tree of the genus Diaporthe from a maximum likelihood analysis based on the combined multi-locus dataset (CAL, HIS, ITS, TEF1, TUB). The ML bootstrap values ≥ 70 %, bayesian probabilities BPP ≥ 0.90 are marked above the branches. The tree is rooted with Diaporthella corylina. The novel species are highlighted.

Fig. 3.

Diaporthe acutispora (CGMCC 3.18285). A–B. 30-d-old culture on PNA medium. C. Conidiomata. D–E. Conidiophores. F–G. Alpha conidia. Bars: C = 100 μm; D–G = 10 μm.

Fig. 4.

Diaporthe elaeagni-glabrae (CGMCC 3.18287). A–B. 14-d-old culture on PDA; C. Conidiomata; D–H. Conidiophores; I. Alpha conidia; J. Beta conidia. Bars: C = 100 μm; D–J = 10 μm.

Fig. 5.

Diaporthe helianthi (LC 6185). A–B. 7-d-old culture on PDA; C. Conidiomata; D–F. Conidiophores; G–H. Beta conidia. Bars: C = 100 μm; D–H = 10 μm.

Fig. 6.

Diaporthe incompleta (CGMCC 3.18288). A. Leaves of host plant; B–C. 7-d-old culture; D. Conidiomata; E–F. Conidiophores; G. Beta conidia. Bars: D = 100 μm; E–G = 10 μm.

Fig. 7.

Diaporthe podocarpi-macrophylli (CGMCC 3.18281). A–B. 30-d-old culture on PDA; C. Conidiomata; D–F. Conidiophores; G–I. Alpha and beta conidia. Bars: C = 100 μm; D–I = 10 μm.

Fig. 8.

Diaporthe undulata (CGMCC 3.18293). A. Leaves of host plant; B–C. 30-d-old culture on PNA medium; D. Conidiomata; E. Conidiophores; F–G. Alpha conidia. Bars: D = 100 μm; E–G = 10 μm.

Fig. 9.

Diaporthe velutina (CGMCC 3.18286). A. Diseased leaves; B–C. 30-d-old culture on PDA; D. Conidiomata; E. Conidiophores; E. Alpha and beta conidia. Bars: D = 100 μm; E–F = 10 μm.

Fig. 10.

Diaporthe xishuangbanica (CGMCC 3.18283). A–B. 7-d-old culture on PDA; C–D. 30-d-old culture on PNA medium; E. Conidiomata; F–K. Conidiophores; L–N. Alpha conidia. Bars: E = 100 μm; F–N = 10 μm.

Fig. 11.

Diaporthe yunnanensis (fCGMCC 3.18289). A–B. 7-d-old culture on PDA; C. Conidiomata; D. Conidiophores; E. Alpha and beta conidia; F. Beta conidia. Bars: C = 100 μm; D–F = 10 μm.

Fig. 12.

Diaporthe sp. 1 (CGMCC 3.18292). A. Leaves of host plant; B–C. 30-d-old culture on PDA; D. Conidiomata; E–F. Conidiophores; G. Beta conidia; H–I. Alpha conidia. Bars: D = 100 μm; E–I = 10 μm.