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. 2017 Jun 27;7(8):e00754.
doi: 10.1002/brb3.754. eCollection 2017 Aug.

Cortical thickness and subcortical structure volume abnormalities in patients with major depression with and without anxious symptoms

Ke Zhao  1 , Haiyan Liu  1 , Rui Yan  1 , Lingling Hua  1 , Yu Chen  1 , Jiabo Shi  1 , Qing Lu  2 , Zhijian Yao  1   3
Affiliations

Cortical thickness and subcortical structure volume abnormalities in patients with major depression with and without anxious symptoms

Ke Zhao et al. Brain Behav. .

Abstract

Background: Anxious depression is one of the common subtypes of major depressive disorder (MDD). Clinically, patients with anxious depression exhibit more severe depressive symptoms than patients with nonanxious depression. The aim of the present study was to explore the common and differing cortical and subcortical structural changes between patients with anxious and nonanxious depression.

Methods: Patients were placed into one of three groups: the anxious depression group (MDD patients with high levels of anxiety symptoms, n = 23), the nonanxious depression group (n = 22), and healthy controls (n = 43) that were matched for age, sex, and education level. All participants underwent T1-weighted MRI. The Freesurfer, which uses a set of automated sequences to analyze the abnormal changes of cortical thickness, cortical and subcortical structures, was used to process the T1 images.

Results: Compared to controls, MDD patients showed thinner cortical thickness in the left inferior temporal, the right superior temporal, and the right parsorbitalis, and a smaller volume of the left hippocampus. Compared to nonanxious depression, anxious depressive patients showed a cortical thinning of the left superior frontal and right superior temporal, as well as the right lingual, and significantly increased subcortical volume of the bilateral caudate nuclei. Correlation analysis showed that the volumes of the bilateral caudate nuclei were directly proportional to the anxiety/somatization factor score.

Conclusions: These findings suggest that smaller hippocampal volume and atrophic prefrontal and temporal cortices might be a common pattern of cortical and subcortical alterations in patients with depression and/or anxiety. However, the change in the caudate nucleus volume may be indicative of anxious depression and may potentially be used to distinguish anxious from nonanxious depression.

Keywords: anxiety; biological markers; brain imaging; depression; mood disorders.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Three areas with thinner cortical thickness in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients compared with healthy controls, respectively, Left inferior temporal, Right superior temporal and Right pars orbitalis. (b) Three areas with thinner cortical thickness in anxious depression patients compared with nonanxious depression patients, respectively, Left superior frontal, Right lingual and Right superior temporal. Cooler colors(negative values) represent significant cortical thinning and warmer colors (positive values) represent significant cortical thickening. The color‐coding for p‐values is on a logarithmic scale of ‐1‐ ‐5. L, left hemisphere; R, right hemisphere
Figure 2
Figure 2
The correlation between the volume of bilateral caudates and the Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAM‐D) 17 anxiety/somatization factor score; age, gender, education years and intracranial volume (ICV) were controlled as covariates
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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