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Review
. 2017 Sep;111(6):271-275.
doi: 10.1080/20477724.2017.1355431. Epub 2017 Aug 22.

O'nyong-nyong fever: a neglected mosquito-borne viral disease

Giovanni Rezza  1 , Rubing Chen  2 , Scott C Weaver  2
Affiliations
Review

O'nyong-nyong fever: a neglected mosquito-borne viral disease

Giovanni Rezza et al. Pathog Glob Health. 2017 Sep.

Abstract

O'nyong nyong virus (ONNV), a mosquito-borne Alphavirus, is primarily transmitted through the bite of Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, which are also malaria parasite vectors in Africa. The virus, first isolated in Uganda in 1959, is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and has caused several major outbreaks both in West and East Africa. ONNV fever, characterized by severe arthralgia, is similar to chikungunya fever, with the exception of cervical lymphadenitis, which is peculiar to the former. Prevention measures do not differ from those adopted against malaria parasite transmission. Effective vaccines and drugs are not available, but animal models suggest that vaccine candidates against CHIKV may also confer protection against ONNV.

Keywords: O’nyong-nyong; alphavirus; chikungunya; epidemiology.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Maximum likelihood tree of Semliki Forest Virus Complex based on complete open reading frame sequences excluding the highly variable regions in the nsP3 and capsid protein genes. The tree is mid-point rooted. Bootstrap values were estimated based on 1000 replicates of a Neighbor-Joining tree using the best-fit GTR+I+G substitution model; those higher than 70 are labeled on the major branches. Major chikungunya virus lineages are also shown: ECSA (East/Central/South African), West African and Asian.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Map of Africa showing countries where ONNV activity in humans, mosquitoes, or wildlife has been identified.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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