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. 2017 Aug 7:11:1431-1443.
doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S131160. eCollection 2017.

Visual field examination method using virtual reality glasses compared with the Humphrey perimeter

Stylianos Tsapakis  1 , Dimitrios Papaconstantinou  1 , Andreas Diagourtas  1 , Konstantinos Droutsas  1 , Konstantinos Andreanos  1 , Marilita M Moschos  1 , Dimitrios Brouzas  1
Affiliations

Visual field examination method using virtual reality glasses compared with the Humphrey perimeter

Stylianos Tsapakis et al. Clin Ophthalmol. .

Abstract

Purpose: To present a visual field examination method using virtual reality glasses and evaluate the reliability of the method by comparing the results with those of the Humphrey perimeter.

Materials and methods: Virtual reality glasses, a smartphone with a 6 inch display, and software that implements a fast-threshold 3 dB step staircase algorithm for the central 24° of visual field (52 points) were used to test 20 eyes of 10 patients, who were tested in a random and consecutive order as they appeared in our glaucoma department. The results were compared with those obtained from the same patients using the Humphrey perimeter.

Results: High correlation coefficient (r=0.808, P<0.0001) was found between the virtual reality visual field test and the Humphrey perimeter visual field.

Conclusion: Visual field examination results using virtual reality glasses have a high correlation with the Humphrey perimeter allowing the method to be suitable for probable clinical use.

Keywords: perimetry; smartphone; virtual reality glasses; visual fields; visual fields software.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Virtual reality glasses. (A) front view, (B) rear view, and (C) prescription glasses used with virtual reality glasses.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Computer – Virtual reality glasses – computer setup.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Gamma correction adjustment for PC.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Gamma correction adjustment for mobile device. Abbrevations: VR, visual reality; APK, Android package kit.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Mobile device display adjustments and points to be tested. (A) gamma correction, (B) brightness adjustment, (C) left eye points, and (D) right eye points.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Trigonometrical projection to compensate bowl perimetry.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Rim lens artifact.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Software visual field test user interface.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Patient taking the test.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Results, eye 1–3.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Results, eye 1–3.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Results, eye 4–6.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Results, eye 4–6.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Results, eye 7–9.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Results, eye 7–9.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Results, eye 10–12.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Results, eye 10–12.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Results, eye 13–15.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Results, eye 13–15.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Results, eye 16–18.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Results, eye 16–18.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Results, eye 19, 20.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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