Human Genetic Determinants of Viral Diseases

Abstract

Much progress has been made in the identification of specific human gene variants that contribute to enhanced susceptibility or resistance to viral diseases. Herein we review multiple discoveries made with genome-wide or candidate gene approaches that have revealed significant insights into virus-host interactions. Genetic factors that have been identified include genes encoding virus receptors, receptor-modifying enzymes, and a wide variety of innate and adaptive immunity-related proteins. We discuss a range of pathogenic viruses, including influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, human immunodeficiency virus, human T cell leukemia virus, human papilloma virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, herpes simplex virus, norovirus, rotavirus, parvovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus. Understanding the genetic underpinnings that affect infectious disease outcomes should allow tailored treatment and prevention approaches in the future.

Keywords: GWAS; SNP; genome-wide association study; infection; single nucleotide polymorphism; virus.

Figure 1

General categories of genes in which variants have been associated with susceptibility or resistance to specific viral diseases. Human genetic determinants of viral diseases can be broadly categorized based on the distinct cellular functions of their associated proteins (labeled in bold text). Abbreviation: Th, T helper.