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. 2017 Aug 30;12(8):e0183895.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183895. eCollection 2017.

Enhancing antibacterial effect of sodium hypochlorite by low electric current-assisted sonic agitation

Murat Maden  1 , İhsan Furkan Ertuğrul  2 , Ekim Onur Orhan  3 , Cevat Emre Erik  1 , Ceylan Çağıl Yetiş  4 , Yasin Tuncer  5 , Mesud Kahriman  6
Affiliations

Enhancing antibacterial effect of sodium hypochlorite by low electric current-assisted sonic agitation

Murat Maden et al. PLoS One. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Background: This research focused on the effects of low electric current (μE)-assisted sonic agitation of sodium hypochlorite on Enterococcus faecalis infected human root dentin.

Methods: Extracted human canine roots were instrumented, sterilized, and experimentally contaminated with E. faecalis. After incubation for 21 days, the presence of the biofilm was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (n = 3). Roots were randomly divided into seven groups according to decontamination procedures: G1: no treatment; G2: sterile saline; G3: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite; G4: passive ultrasonic irrigation; G5: EndoActivator (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK) agitation (EA); G6: μE agitation; and G7: μE-assisted sonic agitation. Fixed μE amperage and intensities were applied in G6 and G7. Following microbial sampling, bacterial colonies were counted using the direct plating method.

Results: Biofilm was not eradicated in any sample. The μE-assisted sonic agitation of sodium hypochlorite revealed the lowest cfu values (p<0.05), whereas there were no significant differences among the passive ultrasonic irrigation, EndoActivator and μE agitation alone (p>0.05).

Conclusions: Based on available evidence, the following conclusions were drawn: The μE-assisted sonic agitation increased the antibiofilm efficiency of sodium hypochlorite than passive ultrasonic irrigation and EndoActivator. The μE-assisted sonic agitation on 5.25% sodium hypochlorite is not capable to eradicate biofilms at 10mA energy level in 60s.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. The prototype device.
The fotograph shows the main parts of the prototype.
Fig 2
Fig 2. The scheme of the prototype device.
The illustration shows the sectors and divisions of the prototype.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Experimental setup of the study.
Notes: SS, sterile saline; NaOCl, sodium hypochlorite; PUI, passive ultrasonic irrigation; EA; EndoActivator irrigation; μE, low electrical current agitation; μE+A, low electrical current-assisted sonic agitation.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Scanning electron micrographs.
Biofilm formation of E. faecalis was confirmed. (a) At the apical-third on the dentinal walls (10.000X). (b) Middle-third on the dentinal walls (10.000X). (c) Coronal-third on the dentinal walls (5.000X).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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