Predictors on admission of functional decline among older patients hospitalised for acute care: A prospective observational study

Abstract

Objective: We sought to investigate the incidence of, and factors associated with, in-hospital functional decline among older acute hospital patients.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of consecutive patients admitted under geriatric medicine over 5 years. The primary outcome measure was functional decline between admission and discharge, representing deterioration in any of the following: Modified Barthel Index (MBI), independence in Timed Up and Go test or walking, and/or need for walking aid.

Results: Overall, 56% (950/1693) patients (mean age 81.9 years) exhibited in-hospital functional decline. Premorbid MBI (odds ratio (OR) 1.05 per unit increase, P < 0.001), adverse drug reaction (OR 1.50, P = 0.001) and in-hospital consultation as the referral source (OR 1.57, P = 0.001) were independently associated with functional decline, adjusting for age, dementia and nursing home residence.

Conclusion: These factors may aid identification of vulnerable patients who might particularly benefit from targeted multidisciplinary intervention. Further studies validating this, and exploring the impact of focussed management, are needed.

Keywords: frail elderly; function; hospitalization; patient outcome assessment.