Novel viral vectors in infectious diseases

Abstract

Since the development of vaccinia virus as a vaccine vector in 1984, the utility of numerous viruses in vaccination strategies has been explored. In recent years, key improvements to existing vectors such as those based on adenovirus have led to significant improvements in immunogenicity and efficacy. Furthermore, exciting new vectors that exploit viruses such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) have emerged. Herein, we summarize these recent developments in viral vector technologies, focusing on novel vectors based on CMV, VSV, measles and modified adenovirus. We discuss the potential utility of these exciting approaches in eliciting protection against infectious diseases.

Keywords: T cell; memory; vaccination; viral.

Figure 1

Viral vector‐induced immune responses. Schematic of relative induction of adaptive immune responses by different viral‐based vaccine vectors. Text size represents relative induction of adaptive immunity. CMV, cytomegalovirus; VSV, vesicular stomatitis virus.