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. 2017:88:229-236.

Factors affecting the conversion to open surgery during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with cholelithiasis undergoing ERCP due to choledocholithiasis

  • PMID: 28874623

Factors affecting the conversion to open surgery during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with cholelithiasis undergoing ERCP due to choledocholithiasis

Hamza Cinar et al. Ann Ital Chir. 2017.

Abstract

Background: The rate of conversion to open surgery is high in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) after Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreotocography (ERCP). The present study aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with the conversion to open cholecystectomy and minimize the rate of conversion to open surgery.

Methods: A total of 157 patients admitted to the Ondokuz Mayıs University Medical Faculty Hospital due to cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis between January 2002 and December 2012, and they receiving laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in the study. The patients were analyzed retrospectively. The predictive factors for conversion to open cholecystectomy were evaluated. Patients were compared to each other in terms of time passing from ERCP to operation, number of ERCPs, stent usage, stone extraction and complications that occurred while waiting for the operation. Patients were separated into three groups according to the time passing from ERCP to laparoscopic cholecystectomy, as follows; group I (short time intervals: 7 days or less): 53 patients, group II (intermediate time intervals: 8-42 days): 70 patients and group III (long time intervals: 43 days and more): 34 patients.

Results: Of the 157 patients, 57 were male and 100 were female. The mean age was 54.5 (range: 19-87) years. Of these 157 patients who received laparoscopic cholecystectomy following ERCP, 22 (14%) underwent open surgery. The conversion to open cholecystectomy was distributed in groups, as follows: seven (13.2%) patients in group I, eight (11.4%) patients in group II and seven (20.6%) patients in group III. When the rate of conversion to open surgery was compared between groups, there was no statistically significant difference (p=0.406). The laparoscopic operations were converted to open surgery in 15 (11.3%) of the 133 patients who underwent single ERCP, and in seven (29.2%) of the 24 patients who underwent two or more ERCPs before surgery (p=0.048). The number of ERCPs was determined to be the most important factor that affects the conversion to open surgery in laparoscopic cholecystectomies following ERCP. The removal of stones from the common bile duct, stent placement in the common bile duct, and existence of biliary complications during waiting time from ERCP to LC had no effect on the conversion to open surgery (p=0.454, p=0.058, and p=0.465, respectively).

Conclusions: The results of this study reveal that the timing of LC following ERCP, removal of stones from the common bile duct, stent placement in the common bile duct and the existence of biliary complications during the waiting period have no effect on the rate of conversion to open surgery. The number of ERCPs is the only factor that affects the conversion to open surgery in LC following ERCP.

Key words: Choledocholitiasis, Conversion, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, Laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Il tasso di conversione a chirurgia laparotomica delle colecistectomie laparoscopiche (LC) è elevato dopo la colangiopancreatografia endoscopica retrograda (ERCP). Questo studio è finalizzato alla individuazione dei fattori di rischio di dover convertire per minimizzare questa esigenza. Nello studio sono stati utilizzati retrospettivamente 157 pazienti ricoverati per colelitiasi e coledocolitiasi tra gennaio e dicembre 2012 all’Ondokuz Mayıs University Medical Faculty Hospital, e sottoposti a colecistectomia laparoscopica, per individuare i fattori predittivi della conversione a colecistectomia laparotomica. Questi pazienti sono stati paragonati in termini di intervallo tra ERCP ed intervento chirurgico, numero delle ERCP, uso di stent, estrazione di calcoli e complicanze insorte nell’attesa dell’intervento, separandoli in tre gruppi in rapporto all’intervallo di attesa: Gruppo I di 53 con intervallo di un massimo di 7 giorni; Gruppo II di 70 pazienti con intervallo tra 8 e 42 giorni; Gruppo III di 34 pazienti con intervallo di 43 giorni ed oltre. Casistica: 57 uomini e 100 donne, dell’età media di 54,5 anni (da 19 a 87), tutti sottoposti a colecistectomia laparoscopica dopo ERCP, di cui 22 (14%) convertiti a chirurgia laparotomica. La conversione, in relazione ai gruppi, è stata di 7 (13,2%) nel I gruppo, 8 (11,4%) nel secondo gruppo, 7 (20,6%) nel terzo gruppo. Paragonando l’incidenza della conversione tra i gruppi non si è rilevata una differenza statisticamente significativa (p=0.406). Dei 133 pazienti con una sola ERCP preliminare le conversioni sono state 15 (11,3%); nei 24 pazienti sottoposti a due o più ERCP pre-intervento la conversione si è avuta in 7 (29,2%) di essi (p=0.048). Il numero di ERCP preoperatorie ha rappresentato il fattore più importante a determinare la conversione ad addome aperto. L’asportazione di calcoli dal coledoco, l’apposizione di stent nel dotto biliare comune e il verificarsi di complicanze durante il periodo di attesa tra esecuzione di ERCP e LC non hanno avuto alcun effetto sulla conversione a chirurgia laparotomica (rispettivamente (p=0.454, p=0.058, and p=0.465, respectively). Si conclude che secondo questo studio l’intervallo tra ERCP e LC, l’asportazione di calcoli dal coledoco, l’apposizione di stent nel dotto biliare comune e il verificarsi di complicazioni durante il periodo di attesa non hanno alcun effetto sull’incidenza della conversione a laparotomia. Il numero di ERCP è il solo fattore determinante il ricorso alla conversione laparotomica.

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