Review

Sialic Acids and Other Nonulosonic Acids

Ajit Varki, Ronald L. Schnaar, Roland Schauer

, editors.

In: Essentials of Glycobiology [Internet]. 3rd edition. Cold Spring Harbor (NY): Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 2015. Chapter 15.

2017.

Affiliations

Book Affiliations

¹ Distinguished Professor of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Co-Director, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
² Professor of Surgery, Director, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
³ Distinguished Professor of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Co-Director, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
⁴ Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation Chair and Professor of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
⁵ Professor and Chairman of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
⁶ Professor of Mycology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
⁷ Regents Professor and Director, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
⁸ Professor, Laboratory of Immunoglycobiology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
⁹ Professor of Glycoproteomics and Glycomics, Macquarie University and Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Sydney, Australia
¹⁰ Professor and Eminent Scholar, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
¹¹ Professor, Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
¹² Director, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany

PMID: 28876847
Bookshelf ID: NBK453082
DOI: 10.1101/glycobiology.3e.015

Free Books & Documents

Review

Sialic Acids and Other Nonulosonic Acids

Ajit Varki et al.

Free Books & Documents

In: Essentials of Glycobiology [Internet]. 3rd edition. Cold Spring Harbor (NY): Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 2015. Chapter 15.

2017.

Authors

Ajit Varki, Ronald L. Schnaar, Roland Schauer

Book Editors

Book Affiliations

¹ Distinguished Professor of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Co-Director, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
² Professor of Surgery, Director, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
³ Distinguished Professor of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Co-Director, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
⁴ Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation Chair and Professor of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
⁵ Professor and Chairman of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
⁶ Professor of Mycology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
⁷ Regents Professor and Director, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
⁸ Professor, Laboratory of Immunoglycobiology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
⁹ Professor of Glycoproteomics and Glycomics, Macquarie University and Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Sydney, Australia
¹⁰ Professor and Eminent Scholar, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
¹¹ Professor, Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
¹² Director, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany

PMID: 28876847
Bookshelf ID: NBK453082
DOI: 10.1101/glycobiology.3e.015

Excerpt

Sialic acids are abundant on vertebrate glycoproteins and have diverse functional roles. Originally discovered within the Deuterostome lineage of animals and associated microbes, they are actually a subset of a more ancient family of 9-carbon backbone monosaccharides called nonulosonic acids, which are also found in some Eubacteria and Archaea. All nonulosonic acids share unusual biosynthetic pathways and are remarkable for the number of molecular components carried on one monosaccharide, including a carboxylic acid, a 3-carbon exocyclic side chain, and often one or more acylated amino groups. Further complexity arising from various modifications, as well as diverse linkages at terminal positions of glycans, makes them well suited to carry information for glycan–protein, cell–cell, and pathogen–cell recognition. Given their high density and location on vertebrate cells, sialic acids also exert many functions via electronegative charge, such as repulsion of cell–cell interactions, protein stabilization, ion binding, and ion transport. They are among the most rapidly evolving classes of glycans in nature.

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References

1. Blix FG, Gottschalk A, Klenk E. 1957. Proposed nomenclature in the field of neuraminic and sialic acids. Nature 179: 1088. - PubMed
1. Schauer R. 1982. Chemistry, metabolism, and biological functions of sialic acids. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 40: 131–234. - PubMed
1. Taylor G. 1996. Sialidases: Structures, biological significance and therapeutic potential. Curr Opin Struct Biol 6: 830–837. - PubMed
1. Kelm S, Schauer R. 1997. Sialic acids in molecular and cellular interactions. Int Rev Cytol 175: 137–240. - PMC - PubMed
1. Knirel YA, Shashkov AS, Tsvetkov YE, Jansson PE, Zãhringer U. 2003. 5,7-diamino-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxynon-2-ulosonic acids in bacterial glycopolymers: Chemistry and biochemistry. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 58: 371–417. - PubMed

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Sialic Acids and Other Nonulosonic Acids

Book Affiliations

Sialic Acids and Other Nonulosonic Acids

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