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Comparative Study
. 2017 Oct;147(10):2001-2007.
doi: 10.3945/jn.117.253377. Epub 2017 Sep 6.

Validation Testing Demonstrates Efficacy of a 7-Day Fluid Record to Estimate Daily Water Intake in Adult Men and Women When Compared with Total Body Water Turnover Measurement

Evan C Johnson  1 , François Péronnet  2 , Lisa T Jansen  3 , Catalina Capitan-Jiménez  4 , J D Adams  3 , Isabelle Guelinckx  5 , Liliana Jiménez  5 , Andy Mauromoustakos  6 , Stavros A Kavouras  7   8
Affiliations
Free article
Comparative Study

Validation Testing Demonstrates Efficacy of a 7-Day Fluid Record to Estimate Daily Water Intake in Adult Men and Women When Compared with Total Body Water Turnover Measurement

Evan C Johnson et al. J Nutr. 2017 Oct.
Free article

Abstract

Background: Mean daily water intake from fluids (WATER-FL) has proven to be difficult to measure because of a range of nonvalidated data collection techniques. Few questionnaires have been validated to estimate WATER-FL against self-reported diaries or urinary hydration markers, which may limit their objectivity.Objectives: The goals of this investigation were 1) to assess the validity of a 7-d fluid record (7dFLR) to measure WATER-FL (WATER-FL-7dFLR) through comparison with WATER-FL as calculated by measuring deuterium oxide (D2O) disappearance (WATER-FL-D2O), and 2) to evaluate the reliability of the 7dFLR in measuring WATER-FL.Methods: Participants [n = 96; 51% female; mean ± SD age: 41 ± 14 y; mean ± SD body mass index (in kg/m2): 26.2 ± 5.1] completed body water turnover analysis over 3 consecutive weeks. They completed the 7dFLR and food diaries during weeks 2 and 4 of the observation. The records were entered into nutritional software to determine the water content of all foods and fluids consumed. WATER-FL-D2O was calculated from water turnover (via the D2O dilution method), minus water from food and metabolic water. The agreement between the 2 methods of determining WATER-FL were compared according to a Bland-Altman plot at week 2. The test-retest reliability of 7dFLR between weeks 2 and 4 was assessed via intraclass correlation (ICC).Results: The mean ± SD difference between WATER-FL-7dFLR and WATER-FL-D2O was -131 ± 845 mL/d. In addition, no bias was observed (F[1,94] = 0.484; R2 = 0.006; P = 0.488). When comparing WATER-FL-7dFLR from weeks 2 and 4, no significant difference (mean ± SD difference: 71 ± 75 mL/d; t[79] = 0.954; P = 0.343) and an ICC of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.90) was observed.Conclusions: The main findings of this study were that the use of the 7dFLR is an effective and reliable method to estimate WATER-FL in adults. This style of questionnaire may be extremely helpful for collecting water intake data for large-scale epidemiologic studies.

Keywords: 7-day record; Liq.in7; deuterium oxide; diet record; dietary assessment; fluid intake; hydration; water; water turnover.

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Conflict of interest statement

Author disclosures: LTJ, CC-J, AM, and JDA, no conflicts of interest. ECJ has an active grant with Danone Research. FP is a scientific consultant for Danone Research. IG and LJ are employees of Danone Research. SAK is a scientific consultant for Quest Diagnostics and has active grants with Danone Research.