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. 2017 May 16;8(31):51542-51550.
doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.17935. eCollection 2017 Aug 1.

More precise prediction in Chinese patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma: protein kinase CK2α catalytic subunit (CK2α) as a poor prognosticator

Zai-Shang Li  1   2   3 , Chuang-Zhong Deng  1   2   3 , Yun-Lin Ye  1   2   3 , Kai Yao  1   2   3 , Sheng-Jie Guo  1   2   3 , Jie-Ping Chen  1   2   3 , Yong-Hong Li  1   2   3 , Zi-Ke Qin  1   2   3 , Zhuo-Wei Liu  1   2   3 , Bin Wang  4 , Qi Zhao  1   2   5 , Peng Chen  6 , Qi-Wu Mi  7 , Xiao-Feng Chen  8 , Hui Han  1   2   3 , Fang-Jian Zhou  1   2   3
Affiliations

More precise prediction in Chinese patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma: protein kinase CK2α catalytic subunit (CK2α) as a poor prognosticator

Zai-Shang Li et al. Oncotarget. .

Abstract

Purpose: In this study, we assess the CK2α expression in human penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and its clinical significance.

Methods: A total of 157 human penile SCC tissue samples were immunohistochemically analyzed. In addition, 12 human penile SCC and adjacent normal tissues were examined for CK2α protein and mRNA expression by Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier test and the log-rank test. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to determine the impacts of CK2α expression and the clinicopathological features on patient disease-specific survival (DSS). Likelihood ratios (LRs), Akaike information criterion (AIC) values, and concordance indexes (C-indexes) were investigated to evaluate the accuracies of the factors. Bootstrap-corrected C-indexes were used for internal validation (with sampling 1000 times).

Results: A significant difference in the distribution of CK2α was observed between the normal and penile carcinoma tissues (P<0.001). CK2α expression was associated with the pathological T and N stages in the penile cancer tissues (P<0.001). High CK2α expression was with significantly poorer DSS compared with low expression one (P<0.001). Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR also confirmed that CK2α expression was increased in the penile cancer tissues. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, CK2α overexpression still was one of independent prognostic factors for penile SCC (P=0.005). The predictive accuracy of CK2α was verified by analysis of the C-indexes.

Conclusion: High protein kinase CK2α expression is associated with several prognostic factors and is thus a significant indicator of poor prognosis for penile cancer.

Keywords: casein kinase 2α; penile neoplasm; squamous cell carcinoma.

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Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors have declared no competing interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. CK2α expression in 12 selected tumor samples
CK2α levels were measured by Western blotting and qPCR (A and B) and the mRNA levels were then compared between normal and cancer penile tissues (C).
Figure 2
Figure 2. CK2α expression in penile cancer tissues
Negative and positive results are shown in Panels (A-D), respectively. (A) A positive of CK2α expression in penile cancer tissues (200×); (B) 400× magnification of the boxed area shown in (A). (C) A negative of CK2α expression in penile cancer tissues (200×); (D) 400× magnification of the boxed area shown in (C).
Figure 3
Figure 3. Disease Specific Survival analysis of 157 penile cancer patients stratified by CK2a immunoreactivity (positiveCK2α: final staining score of ≥6 ;negative CK2α: final staining score of <6)
All statistical tests were two-sided. Significance level: P<0.001.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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