Conflicts of interest BP does expert medicolegal work that sometimes involves discussions regarding the relationship to dental procedures and the need for antibiotic prophylaxis. BP has received payment for lectures on TAVI valves and has advised AstraZeneca on pharmaceuticals not related to endocarditis or valve disease. BP has an unrestricted educational grant to attend conferences from Edward Lifesciences. MD has advised St Jude Medical on new heart failure products and devices and his department has received funding from Novartis for studies on heart failure and myocardial infarction. MD also has had a relationship with Pfizer-Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer-Ingelheim and Biotronik not related to this article. MD has received educational support from Bayer to attend conferences.