Postoperative Rehabilitation Strategies Used by Adults With Cochlear Implants: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Objectives/hypothesis: Aural rehabilitation is not standardized for adults after cochlear implantation. Most cochlear implant (CI) centers in the United States do not routinely enroll adult CI users in focused postoperative rehabilitation programs due to poor reimbursement and lack of data supporting (or refuting) the efficacy of any one specific approach. Consequently, patients generally assume a self-driven approach toward rehabilitation. This exploratory pilot study examined rehabilitation strategies pursued by adults with CIs and associated these strategies with speech recognition and CI-specific quality of life (QOL).

Study design: Cross-sectional study of 23 postlingually deafened adults with CIs.

Methods: Participants responded to an open-ended questionnaire regarding rehabilitation strategies. A subset underwent in-depth interviews. Thematic content analysis was applied to the questionnaires and interview transcripts. Participants also underwent word recognition testing and completed a CI-related QOL measure. Participants were classified as having good or poor performance (upper or lower quartile for speech recognition) and high or low QOL (upper or lower quartile for QOL). Rehabilitation themes were compared and contrasted among groups.

Results: Five rehabilitation themes were identified: 1) Preimplant expectations of postoperative performance, 2) personal motivation, 3) social support, 4) specific rehabilitation strategies, and 5) patient-perceived role of the audiologist. Patients with good speech recognition and high QOL tended to pursue more active rehabilitation and had greater social support. Patient expectations and motivation played significant roles in postoperative QOL.

Conclusion: Postoperative patient-driven rehabilitation strategies are highly variable but appear to relate to outcomes. Larger-scale extensions of this pilot study are needed.

Keywords: Adult; auditory rehabilitation; cochlear implants; sensorineural hearing loss; thematic content analysis.

Figure 1

Scatter plot of word recognition scores and quality of life scores. NCIQ = Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire.