GBCAs and Risk for Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis: A Literature Review

Abstract

Purpose: To examine the risks of using of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and explore strategies to reduce the likeliness of adverse effects in patients who might be at risk for developing nephrogenic system fibrosis (NSF).

Methods: A search of 3 scholarly databases was performed to identify articles that discuss adverse reactions to GBCAs, specifically relating to kidney function, in MR examinations. A total of 20 peer-reviewed articles were analyzed.

Discussion: Safety of contrast media is related to the stability of the chelate bond (ie, macrocyclic or linear). Patients who have decreased kidney function or chronic kidney disease are at higher risk for an adverse reaction to GBCAs; typically, macrocyclic contrast agents are considered safer than linear contrast agents for patients at risk for developing NSF because of their higher kinetic stability. Recommended doses of gadolinium should be adhered to carefully for all patients in conjunction with the glomerular filtration rate guidelines for contrast administration defined by the American College of Radiology.

Conclusion: Although there are advantages to contrast use in MR examinations, technologists should work closely with referring physicians and radiologists to minimize risks for developing NSF in patients who have decreased kidney function.

Keywords: Dotarem; MRI; MultiHance; NSF; Omniscan; adverse reaction; contrast; contrast effects; gadolinium; nephrogenic systemic fibrosis; radiologist; safety.