Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2017 Sep 13;14(9):1057.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph14091057.

Implementing Low-Cost, Community-Based Exercise Programs for Middle-Aged and Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: What Are the Benefits for Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk?

Romeu Mendes  1   2   3 , Nelson Sousa  4   5 , Victor Machado Reis  6   7 , Jose Luis Themudo-Barata  8
Affiliations

Implementing Low-Cost, Community-Based Exercise Programs for Middle-Aged and Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: What Are the Benefits for Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk?

Romeu Mendes et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a long-term, community-based, combined exercise program developed with low-cost exercise strategies on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged and older patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Participants (n = 124; 63.25 ± 7.20 years old) engaged in either a 9-month supervised exercise program (n = 39; consisting of combined aerobic, resistance, agility/balance, and flexibility exercise; three sessions per week; 70 min per session) or a control group (n = 85) who maintained their usual care. Glycemic control, lipid profile, blood pressure, anthropometric profile, and the 10-year risk of coronary artery disease were assessed before and after the 9-month intervention.

Results: A significant time * group interaction effect (p < 0.001) was identified in the values of the glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, and the 10-year risk of coronary artery disease.

Conclusions: A long-term, community-based, combined exercise program developed with low-cost exercise strategies was effective in inducing significant benefits on glycemic control, lipid profile, blood pressure, anthropometric profile, and the 10-year risk of coronary artery disease in middle-aged and older patients with type 2 diabetes. Clinical Trial Identification Number: ISRCTN09240628.

Keywords: cardiovascular risk; community-based interventions; exercise; physical activity; type 2 diabetes.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The founding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Resistance exercises used in the exercise program.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Sample diagram.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. International Diabetes Federation . IDF Diabetes Atlas—Seventh Edition. International Diabetes Federation; Brussels, Belgium: 2015.
    1. Park J., Peters P.A. Mortality from diabetes mellitus, 2004 to 2008: A multiple-cause-of-death analysis. Health Rep. 2014;25:12–16. - PubMed
    1. Ryden L., Grant P.J., Anker S.D., Berne C., Cosentino F., Danchin N., Deaton C., Escaned J., Hammes H.P., Huikuri H., et al. ESC guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD: The task force on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and developed in collaboration with the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) Eur. Heart J. 2013;34:3035–3087. - PubMed
    1. Zethelius B., Gudbjornsdottir S., Eliasson B., Eeg-Olofsson K., Cederholm J. Level of physical activity associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality in patients with type-2 diabetes: Report from the Swedish National Diabetes Register. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol. 2014;21:244–251. doi: 10.1177/2047487313510893. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kodama S., Tanaka S., Heianza Y., Fujihara K., Horikawa C., Shimano H., Saito K., Yamada N., Ohashi Y., Sone H. Association between physical activity and risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes: A meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2013;36:471–479. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0783. - DOI - PMC - PubMed