Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2017 Sep 13;12(9):e0184743.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184743. eCollection 2017.

Simultaneous trimodal PET-MR-EEG imaging: Do EEG caps generate artefacts in PET images?

Ravichandran Rajkumar  1   2   3 , Elena Rota Kops  1 , Jörg Mauler  1 , Lutz Tellmann  1 , Christoph Lerche  1 , Hans Herzog  1 , N Jon Shah  1   3   4   5 , Irene Neuner  1   2   3
Affiliations

Simultaneous trimodal PET-MR-EEG imaging: Do EEG caps generate artefacts in PET images?

Ravichandran Rajkumar et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Trimodal simultaneous acquisition of positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and electroencephalography (EEG) has become feasible due to the development of hybrid PET-MR scanners. To capture the temporal dynamics of neuronal activation on a millisecond-by-millisecond basis, an EEG system is appended to the quantitative high resolution PET-MR imaging modality already established in our institute. One of the major difficulties associated with the development of simultaneous trimodal acquisition is that the components traditionally used in each modality can cause interferences in its counterpart. The mutual interferences of MRI components and PET components on PET and MR images, and the influence of EEG electrodes on functional MRI images have been studied and reported on. Building on this, this study aims to investigate the influence of the EEG cap on the quality and quantification of PET images acquired during simultaneous PET-MR measurements. A preliminary transmission scan study on the ECAT HR+ scanner, using an Iida phantom, showed visible attenuation effect due to the EEG cap. The BrainPET-MR emission images of the Iida phantom with [18F]Fluordeoxyglucose, as well as of human subjects with the EEG cap, did not show significant effects of the EEG cap, even though the applied attenuation correction did not take into account the attenuation of the EEG cap itself.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Iida phantom (upper row) without (left) and with (right) MR compatible BrainCap MR EEG cap.
The BrainCap MR—Ag/AgCl electrode (indicated by the blue arrow) is embedded in a green plastic housing (lower row—left) and front view of the electrode housing showing the chip resistor (indicated by the red arrow) and soldered wire connection to the Ag/AgCl electrode (lower row—right).
Fig 2
Fig 2. Flow chart showing preprocessing steps for FDG PET human data.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Attenuation maps of the Iida phantom with EEG cap (AMw, upper row) and without EEG cap (AMwo, middle row); relative difference image in percentage (bottom row).
Fig 4
Fig 4. Emission images of the Iida phantom with EEG cap (a), and without EEG cap (b), both reconstructed using the attenuation map without EEG cap; relative difference image in percentage (c).
Fig 5
Fig 5. Axial slices at three different axial positions of the emission image of the Iida phantom with EEG cap (upper row), corresponding axial slices of the relative difference images from Fig 3 (transmission image, middle row), and from Fig 4 (emission image, bottom row).
The green arrows indicate the position of electrodes in transmission and emission relative difference images in percentage. For visualisation of the position of the ‘brain’ region of the Iida phantom in relation to the electrodes, a black contour corresponding to the outer contour of the emission image is shown on the difference images.
Fig 6
Fig 6. Bar plot showing the mean (green bar) and standard deviation (black lines) of the relative difference emission image of the phantom for whole phantom grey matter and eight spherical VOIs under the position of the electrodes.
Fig 7
Fig 7. FDG PET SUV image of a human subject with EEG cap (top row) and without EEG cap (middle row), both reconstructed with an AC map without EEG cap; relative difference image in percentage between the above FDG PET images (bottom row).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Shah NJ, Oros-Peusquens A-MM, Arrubla J, Zhang K, Warbrick T, Mauler J, et al. Advances in multimodal neuroimaging: Hybrid MR-PET and MR-PET-EEG at 3 T and 9.4 T. J Magn Reson. 2013;229: 101–15. doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2012.11.027 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Neuner I, Mauler J, Arrubla J, Rota Kops E, Tellmann L, Scheins J, et al. Simultaneous trimodal MR-PET-EEG imaging for the investigation of resting state networks in humans. EJNMMI Physics. 2015;2: A71 doi: 10.1186/2197-7364-2-S1-A71 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Neuner I, Wyss C, Rajkumar R, Mauler J, Boers F, Tellmann L, et al. Simultaneous trimodal imaging approach using [11C]—Flumazenil for MR-PET-EEG: feasibility of set-up. PSMR 2016—5th Conference on PET/MR and SPECT/MR; 2016 May 23–25; Cologne, Germany.
    1. Wielaard J, Hammers A, Stirling J, Mackewn J, Mcginnity CJ, Schleyer P, et al. Simultaneous EEG-PET-fMRI/ASL recordings during a simulated seizure. International Conference on Basic and Clinical Multimodal Imaging, 2015, Sep 01–05; Utrecht, Netherlands.
    1. Polikar R, Tilley C, Hillis B, Clark CM. Multimodal EEG, MRI and PET data fusion for Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis. 32nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2010 Aug 31–Sep 4, Buenos Aires. 2010; 6058–6061. 10.1109/IEMBS.2010.5627621 - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources