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Review
. 2017 Nov 6;24(11):e00221-17.
doi: 10.1128/CVI.00221-17. Print 2017 Nov.

Heat Shock Proteins in Histoplasma and Paracoccidioides

Levi G Cleare  1 , Daniel Zamith-Miranda  1 , Joshua D Nosanchuk  2
Affiliations
Review

Heat Shock Proteins in Histoplasma and Paracoccidioides

Levi G Cleare et al. Clin Vaccine Immunol. .

Abstract

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are highly conserved biomolecules that are constitutively expressed and generally upregulated in response to various stress conditions (biotic and abiotic). Hsps have diverse functions, categorizations, and classifications. Their adaptive expression in fungi indicates their significance in these diverse species, particularly in dimorphic pathogens. Histoplasma capsulatum and Paracoccidioides species are dimorphic fungi that are the causative agents of histoplasmosis and paracoccidioidomycosis, respectively. This minireview focuses on the pathobiology of Hsps, with particular emphasis on their roles in the morphogenesis and virulence of Histoplasma and Paracoccidioides and the potential roles of active and passive immunization against Hsps in protection against infection with these fungi.

Keywords: dimorphic fungal pathogen; fungi; heat shock proteins; histoplasmosis; immunotherapeutics; immunotherapy; paracoccidioidomycosis.

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