Assessment of the quality of neonatal care in the Solomon Islands

Abstract

Aim: To identify strengths and obstacles for improving the quality of newborn care in the Solomon Islands. Improving the quality of newborn care is a priority in the Sustainable Development Goals and the Action Plan for Healthy Newborns in the Western Pacific. The neonatal mortality rate in the Solomon Islands, a lower-middle-income country, has improved slower than overall child mortality. In 2013, neonatal mortality (13.2/1000) constituted 44% of under-5 deaths (30.1/1000).

Methods: A cross-sectional study of newborn care in five provincial hospitals using a World Health Organization assessment tool for hospital quality of care. Twelve months of neonatal records of the National Referral Hospital (NRH) labour ward and nursery were audited.

Results: Essential medications and basic equipment were generally available. Challenges included workforce shortages and lack of expertise, high costs, organisation and maintenance of equipment, infection control and high rates of stillbirth. Over 12 months at the NRH labour ward, there were 5412 live births, 65 (1.2%) 'fresh' stillbirths and 96 (1.8%) 'macerated' stillbirths. Over the same period, there were an associated 779 nursery admissions, and the main causes of mortality were complications of prematurity, birth asphyxia, congenital abnormalities and sepsis. Total neonatal mortality at NRH was 16 per 1000 live births, and 77% of deaths occurred in the first 3 days of life.

Conclusions: Infrastructure limitations, technical maintenance and equipment organisation were obstacles to newborn care. Greater health-care worker knowledge and skills for early essential newborn care, infection control and management of newborn complications is needed.

Keywords: Western Pacific; developing countries; neonatal assessment; neonatal mortality; quality of care; small island nation.