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. 2017 Sep 14;12(9):e0184359.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184359. eCollection 2017.

Hearing impairment in premature newborns-Analysis based on the national hearing screening database in Poland

Katarzyna Wroblewska-Seniuk  1 , Grazyna Greczka  2 , Piotr Dabrowski  2 , Joanna Szyfter-Harris  2 , Jan Mazela  1
Affiliations

Hearing impairment in premature newborns-Analysis based on the national hearing screening database in Poland

Katarzyna Wroblewska-Seniuk et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Objectives: The incidence of sensorineural hearing loss is between 1 and 3 per 1000 in healthy neonates and 2-4 per 100 in high-risk infants. The national universal neonatal hearing screening carried out in Poland since 2002 enables selection of infants with suspicion and/or risk factors of hearing loss. In this study, we assessed the incidence and risk factors of hearing impairment in infants ≤33 weeks' gestational age (wga).

Methods: We analyzed the database of the Polish Universal Newborns Hearing Screening Program from 2010 to 2013. The study group involved 11438 infants born before 33 wga, the control group-1487730 infants. Screening was performed by means of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions. The risk factors of hearing loss were recorded. Infants who failed the screening test and/or had risk factors were referred for further audiological evaluation.

Results: Hearing deficit was diagnosed in 11% of infants ≤25 wga, 5% at 26-27 wga, 3.46% at 28 wga and 2-3% at 29-32 wga. In the control group the incidence of hearing deficit was 0.2% (2.87% with risk factors). The most important risk factors were craniofacial malformations, very low birth weight, low Apgar score and mechanical ventilation. Hearing screening was positive in 22.42% newborns ≤28 wga and 10% at 29-32 wga and in the control group.

Conclusions: Hearing impairment is a severe consequence of prematurity. Its prevalence is inversely related to the maturity of the baby. Premature infants have many concomitant risk factors which influence the occurrence of hearing deficit.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Flowchart of children registered in the central database of PUNHSP between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2013.
PUNSHP = Polish Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening Program; wga = week of gestational age.
Fig 2
Fig 2. The prevalence of hearing impairment in relation to gestational age at birth.
wga = week of gestational age at birth.
Fig 3
Fig 3. The percentage of patients with hearing deficit among infants with positive result of hearing screening.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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