Recommendations on the use of neuromonitoring in thyroid and parathyroid surgery

Abstract

Introduction: Thyroid and parathyroid surgery (TPTS) is associated with risk of injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal nerve and voice changes. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM), intermittent or continuous, evaluates the functional state of the laryngeal nerves and is being increasingly used. This means that points of consensus on the most controversial aspects are necessary.

Objective: To develop a support document for guidance on the use of IONM in TPTS.

Method: Work group consensus through systematic review and the Delphi method.

Results: Seven sections were identified on which points of consensus were identified: indications, equipment, technique (programming and registration parameters), behaviour on loss of signal, laryngoscopy, voice and legal implications.

Conclusions: IONM helps in the location and identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, helps during its dissection, reports on its functional status at the end of surgery and enables decision-making in the event of loss of signal in the first operated side in a scheduled bilateral thyroidectomy or previous contralateral paralysis. The accuracy of IONM depends on variables such as accomplished technique, technology and training in the correct execution of the technique and interpretation of the signal. This document is a starting point for future agreements on TPTS in each of the sections of consensus.

Keywords: Electromiografía; Electromyography; Guidelines; Guía de práctica clínica; Laringe; Larynx; Nervio laríngeo recurrente; Neuromonitoring; Neuromonitorización; Parathyroid; Parathyroidectomy; Paratiroidectomía; Paratiroides; Patient safety; Recurrent laryngeal nerve; Seguridad del paciente; Thyroid; Thyroidectomy; Tiroidectomía; Tiroides; Voice; Voz.