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. 2017 Sep;6(9):542-549.
doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.69.BJR-2016-0317.R2. Epub 2017 Sep 18.

Microindentation - a tool for measuring cortical bone stiffness? A systematic review

M Arnold  1 , S Zhao  1 , S Ma  2 , F Giuliani  3 , U Hansen  3 , J P Cobb  1 , R L Abel  1 , O Boughton  4
Affiliations

Microindentation - a tool for measuring cortical bone stiffness? A systematic review

M Arnold et al. Bone Joint Res. 2017 Sep.

Abstract

Objectives: Microindentation has the potential to measure the stiffness of an individual patient's bone. Bone stiffness plays a crucial role in the press-fit stability of orthopaedic implants. Arming surgeons with accurate bone stiffness information may reduce surgical complications including periprosthetic fractures. The question addressed with this systematic review is whether microindentation can accurately measure cortical bone stiffness.

Methods: A systematic review of all English language articles using a keyword search was undertaken using Medline, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases. Studies that only used nanoindentation, cancellous bone or animal tissue were excluded.

Results: A total of 1094 abstracts were retrieved and 32 papers were included in the analysis, 20 of which used reference point indentation, and 12 of which used traditional depth-sensing indentation. There are several factors that must be considered when using microindentation, such as tip size, depth and method of analysis. Only two studies validated microindentation against traditional mechanical testing techniques. Both studies used reference point indentation (RPI), with one showing that RPI parameters correlate well with mechanical testing, but the other suggested that they do not.

Conclusion: Microindentation has been used in various studies to assess bone stiffness, but only two studies with conflicting results compared microindentation with traditional mechanical testing techniques. Further research, including more studies comparing microindentation with other mechanical testing methods, is needed before microindentation can be used reliably to calculate cortical bone stiffness.Cite this article: M. Arnold, S. Zhao, S. Ma, F. Giuliani, U. Hansen, J. P. Cobb, R. L. Abel, O. Boughton. Microindentation - a tool for measuring cortical bone stiffness? A systematic review. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:542-549. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.69.BJR-2016-0317.R2.

Keywords: Cortical Bone; Microindentation; Stiffness.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest Statement: None declared

Figures

None
Image on the left: Berkovich tip interacts with cortical bone; right: enlarged view of Berkovich tip; bottom: Spherical tip (~750 µm radius) interacts with cortical bone.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
A flow diagram showing the search strategy, inclusion and exclusion criteria.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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