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. 2017 Sep 20;14(9):1089.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph14091089.

Socio-Demographic and Lifestyle Factors Predict 5-Year Changes in Adiposity among a Group of Black South African Adults

Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau  1 , Olusola F Sotunde  2   3 , Patricia O Ukegbu  4   5 , P Hermanus Myburgh  6 , Hattie H Wright  7   8 , Lize Havemann-Nel  9 , Sarah J Moss  10 , Iolanthé M Kruger  11 , H Salomé Kruger  12   13
Affiliations

Socio-Demographic and Lifestyle Factors Predict 5-Year Changes in Adiposity among a Group of Black South African Adults

Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

The rising prevalence of obesity and excessive adiposity are global public health concerns. Understanding determinants of changes in adiposity over time is critical for informing effective evidence-based prevention or treatment. However, limited information is available to achieve this objective. Cultural, demographic, environmental, and behavioral factors including socio-economic status (SES) likely account for obesity development. To this end, we related these variables to anthropometric measures in 1058 black adult Tswana-speaking South Africans who were HIV negative in a prospective study over five years. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference increased in both sexes, whereas triceps skinfold thickness remained the same. Over the five years, women moved to higher BMI categories and more were diagnosed with central obesity. Age correlated negatively, whereas SES, physical activity, energy, and fat intake correlated positively with adiposity markers in women. In men, SES, marital status, physical activity, and being urban predicted increases in adiposity. For women, SES and urbanicity increased, whereas menopause and smoking decreased adiposity. Among men, smokers had less change in BMI than those that never smoked over five years. Our findings suggest that interventions, focusing on the urban living, the married and those with the highest SES-the high-risk groups identified herein-are of primary importance to contain morbidity and premature mortality due to obesity in black South Africans.

Keywords: central obesity; marital status; marital transition; obesity; socio-demographic; socio-economic status; sub-Saharan Africa; urbanization.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Consort diagram of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study reported herein.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Adiposity status based on BMI of men (a) and women (b) stratified by residence at baseline and five-year follow-up.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Abdominal obesity prevalence stratified by sex and residence at the two time points.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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