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Review
. 2018 Jan 15;197(2):160-171.
doi: 10.1164/rccm.201707-1391PP.

Emerging Roles of Inflammasomes in Acute Pneumonia

Sangeetha Ravi Kumar  1 , Sagar Paudel  1 , Laxman Ghimire  1 , Scott Bergeron  1 , Shanshan Cai  1 , Rachel L Zemans  2   3 , Gregory P Downey  2   3 , Samithamby Jeyaseelan  1   4
Affiliations
Review

Emerging Roles of Inflammasomes in Acute Pneumonia

Sangeetha Ravi Kumar et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Overview of the mechanisms of activation of various nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLR) and non-NLR inflammasomes in response to microbes, resulting in an inflammatory response via secretion of activated proinflammatory cytokines and pyroptosis. Steps in inflammasome activation: 1) Priming step involving factors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD1, and NOD2; 2) inflammasome activation step. Mechanisms for activation of NLRP3 inflammasome: a) K+ efflux, b) lysosomal rupture, and c) mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. A. fumigatus = Aspergillus fumigatus; AIM2 = absent in melanoma 2; ASC = apoptosis-associated speck-like protein; BIR = baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis protein; B. pseudomallei = Burkholderia pseudomallei; CARD = caspase recruitment domain; C. neoformans = Cryptococcus neoformans; E. coli = Escherichia coli; FIIND = function to find domain; F. tularensis = Francisella tularensis; HIN200 = hematopoietic expression, interferon-inducible nature, and nuclear localization domain 200; K. pneumoniae = Klebsiella pneumoniae; L. monocytogenes = Listeria monocytogenes; L. pneumophila = Legionella pneumophila; LRR = leucine-rich repeat; M. catarrhalis = Moraxella catarrhalis; MDP = muramyl dipeptide; M. tuberculosis = Mycobacterium tuberculosis; NACHT = NAIP, CIITA (class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator), HET-E (incompatibility locus protein from Podospora anserine), and TP1 (mammalian telomerase-associated protein 1); NAIP = NLR family apoptosis inhibitory protein; NF-κB = nuclear factor-κB; P. aeruginosa = Pseudomonas aeruginosa; P. brasiliensis = Paracoccidioides brasiliensis; PYD = pyrin domain; RIP2 = receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2; S. aureus = Staphylococcus aureus; S. pneumoniae = Streptococcus pneumoniae; SS = secretion system; Y. pestis = Yersinia pestis.
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References

    1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics: pneumonia [accessed 2017 Dec 12]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/pneumonia.htm.
    1. World Health Organization. Pneumonia fact sheet [updated 2016 Sep; accessed 2017 Dec 12]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs331/en/
    1. Schroder K, Tschopp J. The inflammasomes. Cell. 2010;140:821–832. - PubMed
    1. Baral P, Batra S, Zemans RL, Downey GP, Jeyaseelan S. Divergent functions of Toll-like receptors during bacterial lung infections. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;190:722–732. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bryant C, Fitzgerald KA. Molecular mechanisms involved in inflammasome activation. Trends Cell Biol. 2009;19:455–464. - PubMed

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