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Review
. 2017 Summer;8(3):135-145.
doi: 10.22088/cjim.8.3.135.

Cadmium toxicity and treatment: An update

Mehrdad Rafati Rahimzadeh  1 , Mehravar Rafati Rahimzadeh  2 , Sohrab Kazemi  3   4 , Ali-Akbar Moghadamnia  3   4
Affiliations
Review

Cadmium toxicity and treatment: An update

Mehrdad Rafati Rahimzadeh et al. Caspian J Intern Med. 2017 Summer.

Abstract

Cadmium poisoning has been reported from many parts of the world. It is one of the global health problems that affect many organs and in some cases it can cause deaths annually. Long-term exposure to cadmium through air, water, soil, and food leads to cancer and organ system toxicity such as skeletal, urinary, reproductive, cardiovascular, central and peripheral nervous, and respiratory systems. Cadmium levels can be measured in the blood, urine, hair, nail and saliva samples. Patients with cadmium toxicity need gastrointestinal tract irrigation, supportive care, and chemical decontamination traditional-based chelation therapy with appropriate new chelating agents and nanoparticle-based antidotes. Furthermore it has been likewise recommended to determine the level of food contamination and suspicious areas, consider public education and awareness programs for the exposed people to prevent cadmium poisoning.

Keywords: Cadmium; Chelating agents; Decontamination; Nanoparticles; Poisoning.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1
Effect of Cd induces and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human body
Fig 2
Fig 2
Dithiocarbamate ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or tetramethylene dithiocarbamate
Fig 3
Fig 3
Strutural formula of MiADMSA (mono isoamyl ester of dimercaptosuccinic acid)
Fig 4
Fig 4
New monoesters of dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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