Incidence and all-cause mortality for hip fracture in comparison to stroke, and myocardial infarction: a fifteen years population-based longitudinal study

Abstract

Purpose: This population-based study investigated the incidence, in-hospital and long-term all-cause mortality, for hip fracture (HipFx), stroke (STR), and myocardial infarction (MI) in residents hospitalized between 2000 and 2014.

Methods: Data about hospitalization were drawn from the administrative discharge database, whereas information about residents and all-cause mortality from the municipality of our town. Patients were followed-up from the first hospital admission until death or study end. For each cause, crude and age-adjusted all-cause mortality of men and women were compared by Mann-Whitney's test and Poisson models. Separate age-sex adjusted Cox models were estimated and the corresponding adjusted survival curves were drawn.

Results: Among 1292 hospitalizations (of 1109 patients), 434 were for HipFx, 526 for STR, 332 for MI (183 with and 149 without coronary revascularization -MIwCR and MIwoCR, respectively). The incidence of HipFx and STR did not vary over time, MI slightly increasing in men. Age-adjusted in-hospital mortality for HipFx was lower than for STR and MIwoCR in the whole sample and in women (p < 0.001), but not in men. After discharge, men with HipFx had shorter survival and higher crude and age-adjusted mortality rate than women. The estimated HRs(95%CI) in respect to patients with MIwCR (having the lowest mortality) were: 6.11(3.12-11.97), p < 0.001 for HipFx; 5.78(2.93-11.32), p < 0.001 for STR; 2.68(1.27-5.66), p = 0.010 for MIwoCR in the whole sample [HR: 16.58(6.70-40.98) p < 0.001 for HipFx; 7.35(3.01-17.93) p < 0.001 for STR, in men].

Conclusions: HipFx markedly impacts hospital care, and causes high in-hospital and long-term all-cause mortality, comparable to the two commonest non-tumor causes of death.

Keywords: Hip fracture; Hospital admission; Mortality; Myocardial infarction; Stroke.