Gradual physical decline characterises the illness trajectories of care home residents

Abstract

Background: Three archetypal trajectories of physical decline have been identified: a short period of rapid decline; long-term limitations with intermittent acute periods; and a prolonged gradual decline. An understanding of illness trajectories can help clarify the evolving needs of people with progressive conditions, and inform the development of palliative care services to meet their needs. Many frail older people live and die in care homes; the present study is the first to explore the illness trajectories of residents in care home settings.

Aims: To determine the prevailing trajectories of physical decline in care home residents; and to identify the dominant illness trajectories of residents in care homes in Lothian, Scotland.

Method: Data were collected as part of a service development project to improve palliative care in eight care homes in south Edinburgh that provided 24-hour onsite nursing care.

Results: Data on 120 residents were collected. The dominant illness trajectory, found in 78% of residents, was prolonged gradual decline. The majority of residents (67%) had two or more long-term conditions. Overall, 74% had dementia. Only 11% of residents died in hospital; of these, most died within 1 week of admission.

Conclusion: Interventions to improve palliative care in care homes need to be modelled on the needs of residents who experience prolonged gradual decline characterised by frailty, dementia, multimorbidity and an uncertain prognosis.

Keywords: Illness trajectories; care home; dementia; multimorbidity; nursing home; palliative care.