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. 2017 Sep 21;18(10):2026.
doi: 10.3390/ijms18102026.

Cultivar and Metal-Specific Effects of Endophytic Bacteria in Helianthus tuberosus Exposed to Cd and Zn

Blanca Montalbán  1   2 , Sofie Thijs  3 , Mª Carmen Lobo  4 , Nele Weyens  5 , Marcel Ameloot  6 , Jaco Vangronsveld  7 , Araceli Pérez-Sanz  8   9
Affiliations

Cultivar and Metal-Specific Effects of Endophytic Bacteria in Helianthus tuberosus Exposed to Cd and Zn

Blanca Montalbán et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria (PGPB) isolated from Brassica napus were inoculated in two cultivars of Helianthus tuberosus (VR and D19) growing on sand supplemented with 0.1 mM Cd or 1 mM Zn. Plant growth, concentrations of metals and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactive compounds were determined. Colonization of roots of H. tuberosus D19 by Pseudomonas sp. 262 was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Pseudomonas sp. 228, Serratia sp. 246 and Pseudomonas sp. 262 significantly enhanced growth of H. tuberosus D19 exposed to Cd or Zn. Pseudomonas sp. 228 significantly increased Cd concentrations in roots. Serratia sp. 246, and Pseudomonas sp. 256 and 228 resulted in significantly decreased contents of TBA reactive compounds in roots of Zn exposed D19 plants. Growth improvement and decrease of metal-induced stress were more pronounced in D19 than in VR. Pseudomonas sp. 262-green fluorescent protein (GFP) colonized the root epidermis/exodermis and also inside root hairs, indicating that an endophytic interaction was established. H. tuberosus D19 inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. 228, Serratia sp. 246 and Pseudomonas sp. 262 holds promise for sustainable biomass production in combination with phytoremediation on Cd and Zn contaminated soils.

Keywords: Helianthus tuberosus; green fluorescent protein; high biomass crop; metal contaminated soil; phytoremediation; plant growth promoting bacteria.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The founding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Dry weight (mg·plant−1) of the H. tuberosus cultivars VR and D19 after three weeks of growth in presence of 1 mM Zn or 0.1 mM Cd. * Significant differences between inoculated and non-inoculated after Tukey’s test, p < 0.05; mean values ± SE; n = 4.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Thiobarbituric acid reactive compounds (µM·g−1 fresh weight) in roots of H. tuberosus cultivars VR and D19 after three weeks of exposure to: 1 mM of Zn (a); and 0.1 mM Cd (b). * Significant differences between inoculated and non-inoculated after Tukey’s test, p < 0.05; mean values ± SE; n = 4.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Thiobarbituric acid reactive compounds (µM·g−1 fresh weight) in roots of H. tuberosus cultivars VR and D19 after three weeks of exposure to: 1 mM of Zn (a); and 0.1 mM Cd (b). * Significant differences between inoculated and non-inoculated after Tukey’s test, p < 0.05; mean values ± SE; n = 4.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Confocal images of EGFP-labeled Pseudomonas sp. 262 colonising the root hairs of one-week-old seedlings of H. tuberosus D19 cultivar: (a) solution with EGFP-labeled Pseudomonas sp. strain 262 with blue light (488 nm) excitation; (b) single cells attached to a root hair; and (c) ortho-image of the root hair, showing bacterial cells (green) inside plant cells (in blue).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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