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. 2018 Apr;103(2):102-109.
doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2016-312378. Epub 2017 Sep 21.

How to use…the direct ophthalmoscope

Sam P Gurney  1 , Taiwo Makanjuola  1 , Muhammad Kutubi  1 , Manoj Parulekar  1   2 , Joseph Abbott  1
Affiliations

How to use…the direct ophthalmoscope

Sam P Gurney et al. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 2018 Apr.

Abstract

Ophthalmoscopy and red reflex examination are core medical skills required to identify sight-threatening and life-threatening disease. We discuss the predictive utility and limitations of findings with an ophthalmoscope and tips as to how to optimise these. We outline important considerations in three clinical scenarios: an abnormal red reflex, an abnormal optic disc and retinal haemorrhages in the context of child protection concerns.

Keywords: general paediatrics; neonatology; neurology; neurosurgery; ophthalmology.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.