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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2017 Sep 21;7(1):12115.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12535-9.

Probiotic reduces bacterial translocation in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled study

Junko Sato  1 , Akio Kanazawa  2   3 , Kosuke Azuma  1 , Fuki Ikeda  1 , Hiromasa Goto  1 , Koji Komiya  1 , Rei Kanno  1 , Yoshifumi Tamura  1   4 , Takashi Asahara  5   6 , Takuya Takahashi  5   6 , Koji Nomoto  5   6 , Yuichiro Yamashiro  5 , Hirotaka Watada  1   7   8   4
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Probiotic reduces bacterial translocation in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled study

Junko Sato et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Gut bacterial translocation to the blood may play an important role in the development of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Here, we performed an interventional randomised control study to investigate whether probiotics could reduce bacterial translocation and cause changes in the gut microbiota. Seventy Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes were randomised to two groups: the probiotic group drank Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota-fermented milk, while the control group ingested no probiotics. The trial was conducted for 16 weeks. At baseline, 8 and 16 weeks, the gut microbiota composition in feces and blood, fecal organic acids, and other biochemical parameters were measured. At the end of the study, the fecal counts of the Clostridium coccoides group and Clostridium leptum subgroup in the probiotic group were significantly higher than in the control group. As expected, the fecal counts of total Lactobacillus were significantly higher in the probiotic group. Intriguingly, the total count of blood bacteria was significantly lower in the probiotic group. However, fecal organic acids were comparable between the two groups. Our results showed that probiotic administration reduced bacterial translocation and altered the gut microbiota in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Conflict of interest statement

J.S. has received lecture fees from Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Novo Nordisk Pharma, Sanofi and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company. A.K. has received lecture fees from Kissei Pharma, Sanofi and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company. Y.T. has received lecture fees from Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, MSD, Eli Lilly, Kissei Pharma and AstraZeneca. H.W. has received lecture fees from Novo Nordisk, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Sanofi, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Fujifilm, Bayer Health Care, Kissei Pharmaceutical Company, Mochida Pharmaceutical Company, MSD, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Daiichi-Sankyo, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, AstraZeneca LP, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Company, Ltd., Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusyo Company, Ltd., Kowa Company Ltd. and Astellas Pharma, Inc.; advisory fees from Novo Nordisk, Inc., Mochida Pharma Company, AstraZeneca LP, Kowa Company, Astellas Pharma, Inc., Sanofi, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., MSD, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Pfizer, Inc. and Kowa Company; and research funds from Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Sanofi-Aventis, Novo Nordisk Pharma, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Sanwakagaku Kenkyusho, Terumo Corp., Eli Lilly, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo Inc., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., MSD, Shionogi, Pharma, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, Kissei Pharma and Astrazeneca. K.N., T.T. and T.A. are employed by the Yakult Central Institute. K.A., F.I., H.G., K.K., R.K., and Y.Y. has nothing to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of patient recruitment. Seventy patients were randomly allocated to either the probiotic group or the control group. One patient in the control group declined to participate in the study, and one patient in the probiotic group was excluded from the analysis due to the onset of acute enteritis during the study period. The remaining 68 patients were analysed.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Total counts of bacteria in blood of the control and probiotic groups during the study period. Horizontal bars represent medians, and columns indicate interquartile ranges (IQRs). When a data point was above Q3 (the third quartile) + 1.5 × IQR or below Q1 (the first quartile) − 1.5 × IQR, it was defined as an outlier (white circle). Upper or lower whisker represents the maximum or minimum value if there are no outliers. Upper whiskers at 0 and 8 weeks in the probiotic group and 16 weeks in the control group represented the maximum values within Q3 + 1.5 × IQR as outliers were found. On the other hand, all lower whiskers represented the minimum values. *p < 0.05 vs. Control
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