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Review
. 2017 Sep 5:6:1643.
doi: 10.12688/f1000research.11371.1. eCollection 2017.

Novel biomarkers and endoscopic techniques for diagnosing pancreaticobiliary malignancy

Margaret G Keane  1 , Amar Shah  1 , Stephen P Pereira  2 , Deepak Joshi  1
Affiliations
Review

Novel biomarkers and endoscopic techniques for diagnosing pancreaticobiliary malignancy

Margaret G Keane et al. F1000Res. .

Abstract

The UK incidence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is 9 per 100,000 population, and biliary tract cancer occurs at a rate of 1-2 per 100,000. The incidence of both cancers is increasing annually and these tumours continue to be diagnosed late and at an advanced stage, limiting options for curative treatment. Population-based screening programmes do not exist for these cancers, and diagnosis currently is dependent on symptom recognition, but often symptoms are not present until the disease is advanced. Recently, a number of promising blood and urine biomarkers have been described for pancreaticobiliary malignancy and are summarised in this review. Novel endoscopic techniques such as single-operator cholangioscopy and confocal endomicroscopy have been used in some centres to enhance standard endoscopic diagnostic techniques and are also evaluated in this review.

Keywords: CA 19-9; Endoscopic retrograde; Pancreaticobiliary malignancy; biliary; cholangiopancreatography; pancreatic.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.No competing interests were disclosed.No competing interests were disclosed.No competing interests were disclosed.No competing interests were disclosed.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Novel diagnostic adjuncts to ERCP and EUS.
( a) Cholangioscopic view of a malignant hilar stricture with visualisation of the ulcerated, friable biliary mucosa via the Spyglass cholangioscope system (Boston Scientific Corp, Massachusetts, USA). ( b) Confocal endomicroscopic image of pancreatic cancer, showing characteristic black clumps. Image was obtained using the Cellvizio AQ-Flex® probe which was introduced to the tumour via 19G FNA needle at the time of EUS.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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