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. 2017 Sep 26;10(1):444.
doi: 10.1186/s13071-017-2386-z.

Sand fly and Leishmania spp. survey in Vojvodina (Serbia): first detection of Leishmania infantum DNA in sand flies and the first record of Phlebotomus (Transphlebotomus) mascittii Grassi, 1908

Slavica Vaselek  1 , Nazli Ayhan  2 , Gizem Oguz  3 , Ozge Erisoz Kasap  3 , Sara Savić  4 , Trentina Di Muccio  5 , Luigi Gradoni  5 , Yusuf Ozbel  6 , Bulent Alten  3 , Dušan Petrić  7
Affiliations

Sand fly and Leishmania spp. survey in Vojvodina (Serbia): first detection of Leishmania infantum DNA in sand flies and the first record of Phlebotomus (Transphlebotomus) mascittii Grassi, 1908

Slavica Vaselek et al. Parasit Vectors. .

Abstract

Background: Leishmaniasis in Serbia was an endemic disease, and is considered to be eradicated for more than 40 years. In the past decade sporadic cases of canine leishmaniasis started to emerge for the first time in Vojvodina Province (previously non-endemic region of Serbia). Reports of introduced, and later on autochthonous cases of leishmaniasis alerted the possibility of disease emergence. The aim of this study was to bridge more than a half a century wide gap in entomological surveillance of sand fly vectors in Vojvodina, as well as to verify the presence of the vector species that could support Leishmania spp. circulation.

Results: During the period 2013-2015, a total of 136 sand flies were collected from 48 of 80 surveyed locations. Four sand fly species of the genus Phlebotomus were detected: P. papatasi, P. perfiliewi, P. mascittii and P. neglectus. Detection of P. mascittii represents the first record of this species for the sand fly fauna in Vojvodina and in Serbia. All female specimens (n = 80) were tested for Leishmania spp. DNA, and three blood-fed P. papatasi specimens were positive (4%). One positive DNA sample was successfully amplified by ITS1 nPCR. The RFLP analysis of the resulting 350 bp fragment showed a typical pattern of L. infantum, and the ITS1 partial sequence blasted in GenBank confirmed 100% identity with L. infantum and L. donovani complex sequences. This result represents the first record of both Leishmania spp. and L. infantum DNA from sand flies in Vojvodina, and in Serbia.

Conclusions: Presence of autochthonous canine leishmaniasis cases, records of Phlebotomus (Larroussius) species proven vectors of L. infantum (P. perfiliewi and P. neglectus) and detection of L. infantum DNA from wild caught (non-competent) vectors, prove that L. infantum is present in Vojvodina and indicates a probable circulation in the region.

Keywords: Leishmania infantum; Leishmaniasis; Phlebotomus; Sand fly; Serbia.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Sand fly collection localities in the study area
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Sequence analysis based on the cox1 mitochondrial gene region in Phlebotomus species. Neighbor-joining tree based on the partial cox1 sequences used for molecular identification of the sand fly specimens
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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