Sugar- and Intense-Sweetened Drinks in Australia: A Systematic Review on Cardiometabolic Risk

doi:10.3390/nu9101075

. 2017 Sep 28;9(10):1075.

doi: 10.3390/nu9101075.

Sugar- and Intense-Sweetened Drinks in Australia: A Systematic Review on Cardiometabolic Risk

Erin Hoare¹, Pia Varsamis^{2

3}, Neville Owen^{4

5

6}, David W Dunstan^{7

8

9}, Garry L Jennings^{10

11}, Bronwyn A Kingwell^{12

13}

Affiliations

¹ Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3000, Australia. Erin.Hoare@baker.edu.au.
² Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3000, Australia. Pia.Varsamis@baker.edu.au.
³ Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia. Pia.Varsamis@baker.edu.au.
⁴ Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3000, Australia. Neville.Owen@baker.edu.au.
⁵ School of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia. Neville.Owen@baker.edu.au.
⁶ Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University, Hawthorn 3122, Australia. Neville.Owen@baker.edu.au.
⁷ Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3000, Australia. David.Dunstan@baker.edu.au.
⁸ Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia. David.Dunstan@baker.edu.au.
⁹ Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne 3000, Australia. David.Dunstan@baker.edu.au.
¹⁰ Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3000, Australia. Garry.Jennings@baker.edu.au.
¹¹ Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia. Garry.Jennings@baker.edu.au.
¹² Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3000, Australia. Bronwyn.Kingwell@baker.edu.au.
¹³ Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia. Bronwyn.Kingwell@baker.edu.au.

PMID: 28956823
PMCID: PMC5691692
DOI: 10.3390/nu9101075

Sugar- and Intense-Sweetened Drinks in Australia: A Systematic Review on Cardiometabolic Risk

Erin Hoare et al. Nutrients. 2017.

. 2017 Sep 28;9(10):1075.

doi: 10.3390/nu9101075.

Authors

Erin Hoare¹, Pia Varsamis^{2

3}, Neville Owen^{4

5

6}, David W Dunstan^{7

8

9}, Garry L Jennings^{10

11}, Bronwyn A Kingwell^{12

13}

Affiliations

¹ Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3000, Australia. Erin.Hoare@baker.edu.au.
² Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3000, Australia. Pia.Varsamis@baker.edu.au.
³ Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia. Pia.Varsamis@baker.edu.au.
⁴ Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3000, Australia. Neville.Owen@baker.edu.au.
⁵ School of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia. Neville.Owen@baker.edu.au.
⁶ Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University, Hawthorn 3122, Australia. Neville.Owen@baker.edu.au.
⁷ Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3000, Australia. David.Dunstan@baker.edu.au.
⁸ Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia. David.Dunstan@baker.edu.au.
⁹ Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne 3000, Australia. David.Dunstan@baker.edu.au.
¹⁰ Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3000, Australia. Garry.Jennings@baker.edu.au.
¹¹ Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia. Garry.Jennings@baker.edu.au.
¹² Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3000, Australia. Bronwyn.Kingwell@baker.edu.au.
¹³ Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia. Bronwyn.Kingwell@baker.edu.au.

PMID: 28956823
PMCID: PMC5691692
DOI: 10.3390/nu9101075

Abstract

Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are consumed globally, and have been associated with adverse health outcomes, including weight gain, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is global variation in beverage formulation in terms of glucose and fructose concentration, which may pose unique health risks linked to glycemic control for Australian consumers. However, previous systematic reviews have overlooked Australian-based literature. A systematic review was performed to synthesise evidence for the associations between consumption of SSBs and intense-sweetened beverages with clinical cardiometabolic risk factors in the Australian population. Articles were sourced from Global Health, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, Medline, and Culmative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. To be eligible for review, studies had to report on the consumption of sugar-sweetened (including fruit juice and fruit drinks) and/or intense-sweetened beverages, and at least one clinical cardiometabolic risk factor. Eighteen studies were included in this review. Research has mostly focused on the relationship between SSB consumption and adiposity-related outcomes. No studies have examined indices of glycaemic control (glucose/insulin), and the evidence for the health impact of intense-sweetened drinks is limited. In addition, studies have primarily been of cross-sectional design, and have examined children and adolescents, as opposed to adult populations. In the Australian population, there is modest but consistent evidence that SSB consumption has adverse associations with weight, but there is insufficient data to assess relationships with cardiometabolic outcomes.

Keywords: cardiometabolic risk factors; glycaemic control; intense-sweetened beverages; sugar-sweetened beverages; systematic review.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flowchart for article selection following database search.

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References

1. Marriott B.P., Olsho L., Hadden L., Connor P. Intake of added sugars and selected nutrients in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2006. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2010;50:228–258. doi: 10.1080/10408391003626223. - DOI - PubMed
1. Malik V.S., Pan A., Willett W.C., Hu F.B. Sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain in children and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2013;98:1084–1102. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.058362. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Vartanian L.R., Schwartz M.B., Brownell K.D. Effects of soft drink consumption on nutrition and health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Public Health. 2007;97:667–675. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.083782. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Australian Government . In: Australian New Zealand Food Standards Code—Standard 1.3.1—Food Additives. Legislation F.R., editor. Australian Government; Canberra, Australia: 2016.
1. Brand-Miller J.C., Barclay A.W. Declining consumption of added sugars and sugar-sweetened beverages in Australia: A challenge for obesity prevention. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2017;105:854–863. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.145318. - DOI - PubMed

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[1] Marriott B.P., Olsho L., Hadden L., Connor P. Intake of added sugars and selected nutrients in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2006. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2010;50:228–258. doi: 10.1080/10408391003626223. - DOI - PubMed

[2] Marriott B.P., Olsho L., Hadden L., Connor P. Intake of added sugars and selected nutrients in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2006. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2010;50:228–258. doi: 10.1080/10408391003626223. - DOI - PubMed

[3] Malik V.S., Pan A., Willett W.C., Hu F.B. Sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain in children and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2013;98:1084–1102. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.058362. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] Malik V.S., Pan A., Willett W.C., Hu F.B. Sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain in children and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2013;98:1084–1102. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.058362. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] Vartanian L.R., Schwartz M.B., Brownell K.D. Effects of soft drink consumption on nutrition and health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Public Health. 2007;97:667–675. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.083782. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Vartanian L.R., Schwartz M.B., Brownell K.D. Effects of soft drink consumption on nutrition and health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Public Health. 2007;97:667–675. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.083782. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Australian Government . In: Australian New Zealand Food Standards Code—Standard 1.3.1—Food Additives. Legislation F.R., editor. Australian Government; Canberra, Australia: 2016.

[8] Australian Government . In: Australian New Zealand Food Standards Code—Standard 1.3.1—Food Additives. Legislation F.R., editor. Australian Government; Canberra, Australia: 2016.

[9] Brand-Miller J.C., Barclay A.W. Declining consumption of added sugars and sugar-sweetened beverages in Australia: A challenge for obesity prevention. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2017;105:854–863. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.145318. - DOI - PubMed

[10] Brand-Miller J.C., Barclay A.W. Declining consumption of added sugars and sugar-sweetened beverages in Australia: A challenge for obesity prevention. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2017;105:854–863. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.145318. - DOI - PubMed

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Sugar- and Intense-Sweetened Drinks in Australia: A Systematic Review on Cardiometabolic Risk

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Sugar- and Intense-Sweetened Drinks in Australia: A Systematic Review on Cardiometabolic Risk

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