Immunoglobulin therapy in hematologic neoplasms and after hematopoietic cell transplantation

Abstract

Immunoglobulins are used to prevent or reduce infection risk in primary immune deficiencies and in settings which exploit its anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects. Rigorous proof of immunoglobulin efficacy in persons with lympho-proliferative neoplasms, plasma cell myeloma, and persons receiving hematopoietic cell transplants is lacking despite many clinical trials. Further, there are few consensus guidelines or algorithms for use in these conditions. Rapid development of new therapies targeting B-cell signaling and survival pathways and increased use of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy will likely result in more acquired deficiencies of humoral immunity and infections in persons with cancer. We review immunoglobulin formulations and discuss efficacy and potential adverse effects in the context of preventing infections and in graft-versus-host disease. We suggest an algorithm for evaluating acquired deficiencies of humoral immunity in persons with hematologic neoplasms and recommend appropriate use of immunoglobulin therapy.

Keywords: Anaphylaxis; B-cell signaling and survival pathways.; CAR-T therapy; Chronic lymphocytic leukemia; Hematopoietic cell transplantation; Hypogammaglobulinemia; Intravenous immunoglobulin; Lymphoma; Myeloma; Subcutaneous immunoglobulin.