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. 2016 Oct 6:4:39-48.
doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.10.002. eCollection 2017.

Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels of groundwater in Ife north local government area of Osun state, Nigeria

Abolanle Saheed Adekunle  1 , John Adekunle Oyedele Oyekunle  1 , Oluwaseyi Samson Ojo  1 , Nobanathi W Maxakato  2 , Godwin Oladele Olutona  3 , Olaoluwa Ruth Obisesan  1
Affiliations

Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels of groundwater in Ife north local government area of Osun state, Nigeria

Abolanle Saheed Adekunle et al. Toxicol Rep. .

Abstract

This study determined the presence and levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) of groundwater in Moro, Edun-Abon, Yakoyo and Ipetumodu communities in Ife-North Local Government Area of Osun State. This was with a view to create public awareness about the safety of groundwater as a source for domestic purposes (e.g., drinking, cooking etc.) in non-industrial area. Water samples were collected on seasonal basis, comprising of three months (August-October) in the wet season and three months (December-February) in the dry season. The PAHs in the water samples were extracted with n-hexane using liquid-liquid extraction method, while their qualitative identifications and quantitative estimations were carried out with the use of gas chromatography. Levels of PAHs detected showed predominance of light PAHs (less than four fused rings) for both wet and the dry seasons. Higher concentrations of PAHs were recorded during the wet season than the dry season. The study concluded that the groundwater in the communities was contaminated with light PAHs and the total PAHs in this area exceeded the maximum permissible limit of 10 μg L-1 recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) for safety of groundwater.

Keywords: Groundwater; Health impact; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Seasonal variation; Water quality.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
A Map of Ife North Local Government Showing the Sampling Sites.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
GC TOFMS chromatogram of 2 ppm PAH standard.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Mean Concentrations (μg L−1) Distribution of PAHs in the Groundwater for Wet and Dry Seasons.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Frequency (Distribution of Total PAHs in the Groundwater Samples from the 12 Sampling Sites).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
(a) Caluster Diagram Showing the Relationship among PAHs Present in Wet Season. (b) Cluster Diagram Showing the Relationship among PAHs Present in Dry Season.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
(a) Parincipal Component Loadings of PAHs in Wet Season. (b) Principal Component Loadings of PAHs in Dry Season.
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