Brainstem and spinal pathways mediating descending inhibition from the medullary lateral reticular nucleus in the rat

Abstract

The lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) in the caudal ventrolateral medulla has been implicated in descending monoaminergic modulation of spinal nociceptive transmission. Experiments were undertaken to examine the organization of pontine and spinal pathways mediating inhibition of the tail-flick (TF) reflex from the LRN in rats lightly anesthetized with pentobarbital. Microinjections of the local anesthetic lidocaine ipsilaterally or bilaterally into the dorsolateral pons blocked stimulation-produced inhibition of the TF reflex from the nucleus locus coeruleus/subcoeruleus (LC/SC), but had no effect on descending inhibition produced by microinjection of glutamate into the LRN. Thus, adrenergic modulation of the TF reflex from the LRN is not mediated by activation of spinopetal noradrenergic neurons in the LC/SC. The funicular course of descending inhibition produced by focal electrical stimulation in the LRN was studied in separate groups of rats by reversibly (local anesthetic blocks) or irreversibly (surgical transection) compromising conduction in the dorsolateral funiculi (DLFs) at the level of the cervical spinal cord. Bilateral lidocaine blocks in the DLFs significantly shortened control TF latencies and more than doubled the intensity of electrical stimulation in the LRN necessary to inhibit the TF reflex (153 +/- 29% increase from control); changes in these parameters produced by unilateral blocks of the DLFs were not statistically significant. Ipsilateral or bilateral transections of the DLFs significantly increased the intensity of electrical stimulation in the LRN to inhibit the TF reflex (110 +/- 24% and 265 +/- 46% from control, respectively). Neither lidocaine blocks nor transections of the DLFs completely blocked the descending inhibitory effects of electrical stimulation in the LRN. The DLFs appear to carry fibers mediating LRN stimulation-produced inhibition of the TF reflex as well as tonic descending inhibition of spinal reflexes. The results of the present study indicate that (1) adrenergic modulation of the nociceptive TF reflex from the LRN does not depend on a rostral loop through the pontine LC/SC, and (2) descending inhibitory influences from the LRN are contained in, but not confined to, the dorsal quadrants of the spinal cord.