Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2017 Feb 17;5(1):7.
doi: 10.3390/pharmacy5010007.

A Curriculum Challenge-The Need for Outcome (Competence) Descriptors

Ieva Stupans  1
Affiliations

A Curriculum Challenge-The Need for Outcome (Competence) Descriptors

Ieva Stupans. Pharmacy (Basel). .

Abstract

Some outcomes around, for example, communication have been extensively theorised; others such as accountability have been relatively neglected in the teaching and learning literature. The question therefore is: if we do not have a clear understanding of the outcome, can we systematically apply good practice principles in course design such that students are able to achieve the outcomes the community and the profession expect? This paper compares and contrasts the literature around competency outcomes regarding students' communication skills and the development of accountability and proposes a model to guide the selection of teaching and assessment approaches for accountability, based on the students' sphere of influence.

Keywords: accountability; communication; competencies; learning outcomes.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The author declares no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Examples of teaching and assessment of accountability from literature mapped according to sphere of influence.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Lenburg C.B. The framework, concepts and methods of the competency outcomes and performance assessment (COPA) model. Online J. Issues Nurs. 1999;4:1–12.
    1. Biggs J., Tang C. Teaching for Quality learning at University: What the Student Does. 3rd ed. Open University Press; Maidenhead, UK: 2007.
    1. European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education . Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area. European Higher Education Area; Helsinki, Finland: 2005.
    1. Lumina Foundation . The Degree Qualifications Profile. Lumina Foundation; Indianapolis, IN, USA: 2011.
    1. Australian Qualifications Framework, (N.D.) AQF Qualification by Sector of Accreditation. [(accessed on 24 June 2016)]. Available online: http://www.aqf.edu.au/Portals/0/Documents/Handbook/AQF_Handbook_51-72.pdf.

LinkOut - more resources