Perioperative comparison of blood loss and complications between simultaneous bilateral and unilateral total knee arthroplasty for knee osteoarthritis

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to compare the blood loss and complications between simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty (SBTKA) and unilateral total knee arthroplasty (UTKA).

Methods: This study included 54 SBTKAs and 70 UTKAs performed between 2013 and 2014. Groups were compared with respect to blood loss, hemoglobin, hematocrit, D-dimer, blood transfusion, and complications.

Results: Hemoglobin between the groups was not significantly different (P>0.05). In the SBTKA group, the hematocrit on the 3rd postoperative day was lower (P<0.05), and the D-dimer on the 1st postoperative day was higher (P<0.05) than in the UTKA group. The total drain output of the UTKA group was not significantly different from any unilateral side of the SBTKA group (P<0.05). The mean autologous red blood cell (RBC) transfusion requirements were not significantly different between the two groups. However, the mean allogeneic RBC transfusion requirement was higher in the SBTKA group than in the UTKA group (P<0.001). The total drainage of the SBTKA group was significantly more than the UTKA group, but the total drain output of the UTKA group was not significantly different from any unilateral side of the SBTKA group (P>0.05). Also, the mean allogeneic RBC transfusion requirement was higher in the SBTKA group than in the UTKA group (P<0.001).

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the rate of complication between SBTKA and UTKA is similar. The total drainage and transfusion of SBTKA are not twice that of UTKA, and after treatment, hemoglobin could be increased to a similar level. Thus, SBTKA is an effective and safe option.

Keywords: Complications; Simultaneous bilateral; Total knee arthroplasty; Unilateral.