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. 2017 Oct 3;7(1):12576.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12898-z.

Insecticidal activity and the mechanism of action of three phenylpropanoids isolated from the roots of Piper sarmentosum Roxb

Arshia Hematpoor  1 , Sook Yee Liew  2   3 , Mohd Sofian Azirun  1 , Khalijah Awang  4   5
Affiliations

Insecticidal activity and the mechanism of action of three phenylpropanoids isolated from the roots of Piper sarmentosum Roxb

Arshia Hematpoor et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of the roots of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. were screened for toxicity towards Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) and the hexane extract exhibited the highest mortality percentage. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the hexane extract resulted in the isolation of asaricin 1, isoasarone 2, and trans-asarone 3. Asaricin 1 and isoasarone 2 were the most toxic compounds to Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica, and Plodia interpunctella. Sitophilus oryzae and Rhyzopertha dominica exposed to asaricin 1 and isoasarone 2 required the lowest median lethal time. Insecticidal activity of trans-asarone 3 showed consistent toxicity throughout the 60 days towards all three insects as compared to asaricin 1 and isoasarone 2. Asaricin 1 and isoasarone 2 at different doses significantly reduced oviposition and adult emergence of the three insects in treated rice. Trans-asarone 3 had lowest toxicity with highest LC and LT values in all tested insects relative to its mild oviposition inhibition and progeny activity. Moreover, asaricin 1 and isoasarone 2 significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase in comparison with trans-asarone 3 and the control. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition of Rhyzopertha dominica and Plodia interpunctella by asaricin 1 and isoasarone 2 were lower than that of Sitophilus oryzae, which correlated with their higher resistance.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Isolated phenylpropanoids; asaricin 1, isoasarone 2, and trans-asarone 3.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Percentage of contact toxicity of asaricin 1, isoasarone 2, and trans-asarone 3 against S. oryzae and R. dominica adults and P. interpunctella larvae. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mean (±SEM) mortality percentage of S. oryzae, R. dominica adult and P. interpunctella larvae on rice grain treated with asaricin 1, isoasarone 2, and trans-asarone 3 by using their relative LC95 value, exposed from 0 to 60 days after treatment. Percentage of mortality for trans-asarone 3 were significant stable as compared to asaricin 1 and isoasarone 2 after 30th days.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Oviposition inhibition of asaricin 1, isoasarone 2, and trans-asarone 3 on S. oryzae, R.dominica and P. interpunctella.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Inhibition on acetylcholinesterase enzyme by asaricin 1, isoasarone 2 and trans-asarone 3 in comparison with their relative LC50 value on S. oryzae, R. dominica and P. interpunctella.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Mechanism of action of AChE with the presence of asaricin 1, isoasarone 2 and trans-asarone 3 as insects acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (left) and without the presence of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (right).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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