The Relative Burden of Menopausal and Postmenopausal Symptoms versus Other Major Conditions: A Retrospective Analysis of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Data

Abstract

Background: The direct costs associated with menopausal and postmenopausal symptoms (hereafter "menopausal symptoms") may include the costs of physician and emergency department visits, medications, laboratory testing, and the management of side effects. However, much remains unknown about the costs related to menopausal symptoms, including how they compare with the costs of other diseases that are common among menopausal women.

Objective: To compare the economic burden of menopausal symptoms with other select prevalent chronic conditions among a nationally representative sample of US menopausal women aged 45 to 65 years.

Methods: Women aged 45 to 65 years who have not had a hysterectomy and who participated in the 2010-2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component were included in the analysis. We estimated the direct costs of care associated with the management of menopausal symptoms and compared them with the direct costs of care for other indications, including osteoporosis, influenza, disorders of lipid metabolism, essential hypertension, mood disorders, esophageal disorders, headache, osteoarthritis, urinary tract infections, asthma, glaucoma, anxiety disorder, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/bronchiectasis, and cataract. Regression analyses were used to estimate the differences in direct costs, which included total expenditures and charges for inpatient, outpatient, and emergency department visits.

Results: The annual per-patient direct cost of menopausal symptoms was $248 in 2010-2012 dollars. Based on the modeled costs, menopausal symptoms were associated with significantly higher annual costs than osteoporosis, disorders of lipid metabolism, and esophageal disorders; and these annual costs were comparable to those of influenza, asthma, anxiety disorder, essential hypertension, and headache. The direct costs associated with the management of menopausal symptoms were significantly lower than the direct costs associated with osteoarthritis, mood disorders, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/bronchiectasis, urinary tract infections, diabetes, glaucoma, and cataract.

Conclusion: The direct costs of care for menopausal symptoms are substantial and are similar to or greater than the direct healthcare costs associated with a number of medical conditions often requiring medical attention in menopausal women.

Keywords: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data; direct cost of care; healthcare costs; hysterectomy; menopause.

Figure 1. Sensitivity Analysis: Direct Per-Patient Costs of Menopausal Symptoms and Select Comparators for 2010–2012 (Modeled Costs)

Figure 2. Estimated Differences in Mean Per-Patient Direct Costs Among US Women with Menopausal Symptoms versus Other Conditions