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Review
. 2017 Oct 4;9(10):288.
doi: 10.3390/v9100288.

Autophagy Proteins in Viral Exocytosis and Anti-Viral Immune Responses

Christian Münz  1
Affiliations
Review

Autophagy Proteins in Viral Exocytosis and Anti-Viral Immune Responses

Christian Münz. Viruses. .

Abstract

Abstract: Autophagy-related (Atg) gene-encoded proteins were originally described for their crucial role in macroautophagy, a catabolic pathway for cytoplasmic constituent degradation in lysosomes. Recently it has become clear that modules of this machinery can also be used to influence endo- and exocytosis. This mini review discusses how these alternative Atg functions support virus replication and viral antigen presentation on major histocompatibility (MHC) class I and II molecules. A better understanding of the modular use of the macroautophagy machinery might enable us to manipulate these alternative functions of Atg proteins during anti-viral therapies and to attenuate virus-induced immune pathologies.

Keywords: Epstein Barr virus; LAP (LC3 associated phagocytosis); MHC class I molecules; MHC class II molecules; Varizella Zoster virus; coxsackie B virus; poliovirus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Viral exocytosis with autophagic membranes. Viruses, like some herpes and some picornaviruses, seem to sample LC3B coated membranes for their envelope, which are enriched in phosphatidylserine for scavenger receptor uptake.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Atg8 orthologues regulate antigen presentation on MHC class I and II molecules. LC3B coated autophagosomes and phagosomes deliver intracellular and extracellular antigens for MHC class II presentation, respectively. LC3B positive DRibbles get processed for antigen presentation on MHC class I molecules and MHC class I molecules get internalized in an LC3B and adaptor associated kinase 1 (AAK1) dependent fashion.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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