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. 2017 Jun 3;8(40):66796-66814.
doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.18358. eCollection 2017 Sep 15.

Expression of hypothalamic neurohormones and their receptors in the human eye

Sander R Dubovy #  1   2 , Maria P Fernandez #  1 , Jose J Echegaray #  1   3 , Norman L Block  2   4 , Noriyuki Unoki  1 , Roberto Perez  5   4 , Irving Vidaurre  5 , Richard K Lee  1 , Mehrdad Nadji  2 , Andrew V Schally  5   2   4
Affiliations

Expression of hypothalamic neurohormones and their receptors in the human eye

Sander R Dubovy et al. Oncotarget. .

Abstract

Extrapituitary roles for hypothalamic neurohormones have recently become apparent and clinically relevant, based on the use of synthetic peptide analogs for the treatment of multiple conditions including cancers, pulmonary edema and myocardial infarction. In the eye, it has been suggested that some of these hormones and their receptors may be present in the ciliary body, iris, trabecular meshwork and retina, but their physiological role has yet to be elucidated. Our study intends to comprehensively demonstrate the expression of some hypothalamic neuroendocrine hormones and their receptors within different retinal and extraretinal structures of the human eye. Immunofluorescence, Western blot analysis, and RT-PCR were used to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative expression of Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LHRH), Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH), Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH), Gastrin Releasing Peptide (GRP) and Somatostatin as well as their respective receptors (LHRH-R, GHRH-R, TRH-R, GRP-R, SST-R1) in cadaveric human eye tissue and in paraffinized human eye tissue sections. The hypothalamic hormones LHRH, GHRH, TRH, GRP and Somatostatin and their respective receptors (LHRH-R, GHRH-R, TRH-R, GRPR/BB2 and SST-R1), were expressed in the conjunctiva, cornea, trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, lens, retina, and optic nerve.

Keywords: eye neuropeptides; hormone-analog therapy; ocular endocrinology.

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Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Dr. Norman Block states that he is a Founder of Biscayne Pharmaceuticals Inc.. The authors have nothing else to disclose

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH)
Figure 2
Figure 2. Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone receptor (LHRH-R)
Figure 3
Figure 3. Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Growth hormone releasing hormone receptor (GHRH- R)
Figure 5
Figure 5. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
Figure 6
Figure 6. Thyrotropin releasing hormone receptor (TRH-R)
Figure 7
Figure 7. Somatostatin
Figure 8
Figure 8. Somatostatin receptor 1(SST-R1)
Figure 9
Figure 9. Gastrin releasing peptide (GRP)
Figure 10
Figure 10. Gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRP-R)
Figure 11
Figure 11. Western blot analysis of neuroendocrine receptor expression in optice nerve, cornea, retina and conjunctiva
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