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Review
. 2017;184(10):3663-3671.
doi: 10.1007/s00604-017-2465-z. Epub 2017 Aug 25.

Enzyme-based amperometric galactose biosensors: a review

Prosper Kanyong  1   2 , Francis D Krampa  1   3 , Yaw Aniweh  1 , Gordon A Awandare  1   3
Affiliations
Review

Enzyme-based amperometric galactose biosensors: a review

Prosper Kanyong et al. Mikrochim Acta. 2017.

Abstract

This review (with 35 references) summarizes the various strategies used in biosensors for galactose, and their analytical performance. A brief comparison of the enzyme immobilization methods employed and the analytical performance characteristics of a range of galactose biosensors are first summarized in tabular form and then described in detail. Selected examples have been included to demonstrate the various applications of these biosensors to real samples. Following an introduction into the field that covers the significance of sensing galactose in various fields, the review covers biosensors based on the use of galactose oxidase, with a discussion of methods for their immobilization (via cross-linking, adsorption, covalent bonding and entrapment). This is followed by a short section on biosensors based on the use of galactose dehydrogenase. The conclusion section summarizes the state of the art and addresses current challenges. Graphical abstractFabrication of a disposable screen-printed (a) electrochemical galactose biosensor (b) for real sample analysis and a dummy biosensor

Keywords: Disposable sensors; Electrochemistry; Enzyme immobilization; Galactose dehydrogenase; Galactose oxidase; Glucose; Hydrogen peroxide; Modified electrodes; Redox mediators; Screen-printed electrodes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Graphical abstract
Graphical abstract
Fabrication of a disposable screen-printed (a) electrochemical galactose biosensor (b) for real sample analysis and a dummy biosensor (c) for compensating the effect of interferences
Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Active site of galactose oxidase showing coordinating ligands (Reprinted from [4] with permission from Elsevier)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Design of a cobalt phthalocyanine screen-printed carbon electrode (Co-SPCE); b galactose biosensor and; c Dummy biosensor. RE: Reference Electrode, WE: Working Electrode
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Schematic representation of GalOx immobilization to form a polyanion/PEG/GalOx conjugate. AMPS; 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (Polyanion) (Reprinted from [23] with permission from Elsevier)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Structure of polyglycidyl methacrylate-co-vinyl ferrocene (Poly-GMA-co-VFc) and covalent binding of GalOx to the Poly-GMA- co-VFc film electrode (Redrawn from [25])
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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