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Review
. 2017 Oct:106:1015-1029.
doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.06.140.

Virtual Reality and Simulation in Neurosurgical Training

Antonio Bernardo  1
Affiliations
Review

Virtual Reality and Simulation in Neurosurgical Training

Antonio Bernardo. World Neurosurg. 2017 Oct.

Abstract

Recent biotechnological advances, including three-dimensional microscopy and endoscopy, virtual reality, surgical simulation, surgical robotics, and advanced neuroimaging, have continued to mold the surgeon-computer relationship. For developing neurosurgeons, such tools can reduce the learning curve, improve conceptual understanding of complex anatomy, and enhance visuospatial skills. We explore the current and future roles and application of virtual reality and simulation in neurosurgical training.

Keywords: Augmented reality; Metrics; Neurosurgical training; Robotics in neurosurgery; Simulation surgery; Stereoscopic digital visualization; Virtual reality.

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