Long-Term Outcome of Intravitreal Bevacizumab Followed by Ahmed Valve Implantation in the Management of Neovascular Glaucoma

Abstract

Background: To report the outcome of intravitreal Bevacizumab followed by Ahmed valve implantation in the management of neovascular glaucoma in a patient group with extended follow-up.

Methods: The records of 16 patients (18 eyes) with neovascular glaucoma refractory to medical therapy who presented to a single surgeon between 2006-2008 were reviewed. Patients received pan-retinal photocoagulation and then intravitreal Bevacizumab followed by Ahmed valve implantation. The main outcome measures were: control of IOP (with or without additional medication), visual acuity (VA) and failure (IOP >21 mmHg or <6 mmHg, reoperation for glaucoma, or loss of light perception).

Results: Pre-operatively, all patients received pan-retinal photocoagulation followed by IVB at a mean of 15.9 (range 4-60) days prior to AGV. The mean pre-operative IOP was 37.1 mmHg (±13.4) on 3.2 (±0.87) medications. Of the 18 eyes, 14 eyes (78%) were treated with AGV alone and 4 eyes (22%) with AGV combined with cataract extraction. Sixteen eyes (89%) received mitomycin C treatment intraoperatively. Post-operatively, the mean follow-up period was 63 months (24-84). At final follow-up, the success rate was 50% (33.3% complete, 16.7% qualified) with a mean IOP of 18.1 mmHg (±9.5) on a mean number of 1.5 (±1.6) medications. The failure rate was 50%, with five eyes (27.8%) not meeting the IOP criteria for success (of these, three eyes required additional surgery to lower the IOP) and five eyes (22.2%) lost light perception.

Conclusion: Intravitreal Bevacizumab followed by AGV offers long-term control of IOP without additional surgical intervention in the majority of cases.

Keywords: Ahmed valve; glaucoma drainage implant; neovascular glaucoma.