Antidiabetic activity of extracts of Anacardium occidentale Linn. leaves on n-streptozotocin diabetic rats

Abstract

Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae) is used in South Cameroon as well as in other tropical countries by traditional practitioners as a folk remedy for treatment of diabetes mellitus. We demonstrated the antidiabetic potential of the plant extracts in n-streptozotocin diabetic rats. The aim of the current study was to investigate the antidiabetic effects of ethanol extract of leaves of A. occidentale on neonatal streptozotocin diabetic rats. Two day old neonates were injected with 100 mg/kg of streptozotocin. At the end of the experimental period of 30 days, reduction in the fasting blood glucose levels, serum insulin, glycated hemoglobin levels, serum lipid parameters, and renal function biomarkers were estimated in the control and treated rats. Histopathological examination of liver, kidney and pancreas were also carried out. On administration of 100 mg/kg of plant extract, blood glucose levels of the rats showed 8.01% and 19.25% decrease in the fasting blood glucose levels on day 15 and day 30, respectively. The administration of extract showed that the effects of extract treatment are comparable to treatment with the standard drug Pioglitazone. These results demonstrate significant antidiabetic potential of the ethanol extract of leaves of A. occidentale, justifying the use of plant in the indigenous system of medicine. Further studies for investigating the specific compound(s) responsible for such beneficial role in diabetes would open new outlook in the therapy of type 2 diabetes.

Keywords: Anacardium occidentale; Leaves; Neonatal-induced diabetic rats; Streptozotocin; Type 2 diabetes.

Graphical abstract

Fig. 1

Photomicrographs of liver. a) Normal rat, b) diabetic rat, c) diabetic rats treated with standard drug, d) diabetic rat treated with ethanol extract of leaves.

Fig. 2

Photomicrographs of kidney. a) Normal rat, b) diabetic rat, c) diabetic rats treated with standard drug, d) diabetic rat treated with ethanol extract of leaves.

Fig. 3

Photomicrographs of pancreas. a) Normal rat, b) diabetic rat, c) diabetic rats treated with standard drug, d) diabetic rat treated with ethanol extract of leaves.