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. 2017 Oct 19;12(10):e0186664.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186664. eCollection 2017.

Discrimination and prediction of cultivation age and parts of Panax ginseng by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistical analysis

Byeong-Ju Lee  1 , Hye-Youn Kim  1 , Sa Rang Lim  1 , Linfang Huang  2 , Hyung-Kyoon Choi  1
Affiliations

Discrimination and prediction of cultivation age and parts of Panax ginseng by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistical analysis

Byeong-Ju Lee et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is a herb used for medicinal purposes, and its discrimination according to cultivation age has been an important and practical issue. This study employed Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy with multivariate statistical analysis to obtain a prediction model for discriminating cultivation ages (5 and 6 years) and three different parts (rhizome, tap root, and lateral root) of P. ginseng. The optimal partial-least-squares regression (PLSR) models for discriminating ginseng samples were determined by selecting normalization methods, number of partial-least-squares (PLS) components, and variable influence on projection (VIP) cutoff values. The best prediction model for discriminating 5- and 6-year-old ginseng was developed using tap root, vector normalization applied after the second differentiation, one PLS component, and a VIP cutoff of 1.0 (based on the lowest root-mean-square error of prediction value). In addition, for discriminating among the three parts of P. ginseng, optimized PLSR models were established using data sets obtained from vector normalization, two PLS components, and VIP cutoff values of 1.5 (for 5-year-old ginseng) and 1.3 (for 6-year-old ginseng). To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide a novel strategy for rapidly discriminating the cultivation ages and parts of P. ginseng using FT-IR by selected normalization methods, number of PLS components, and VIP cutoff values.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Representative FT-IR spectral data obtained after area normalization.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Flow chart to discriminate cultivation ages and parts of ginseng.
VIP, variable influence on projection.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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