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. 2016 Feb 2;4(1):4.
doi: 10.3390/toxics4010004.

Contributing Factors for Acute Illness/Injury from Childhood Pesticide Exposure in North Carolina, USA, 2007-2013

Nirmalla Barros  1 , Ricky Langley  2 , Wayne Buhler  3 , Kelly Brantham  4
Affiliations

Contributing Factors for Acute Illness/Injury from Childhood Pesticide Exposure in North Carolina, USA, 2007-2013

Nirmalla Barros et al. Toxics. .

Abstract

Between 2007 and 2013, there were 685 events with evidence of a relationship between pesticide exposure and acute illness/injury among persons less than 18 years old in North Carolina (United States). Median age of children affected was 4.3 years (range: 0.2-17.9). Distribution by gender was similar across all age groups. One fatality and four high severity events were observed. The greatest proportion (42%) of events had ocular exposures, followed by dermal (25%) and inhalation (18%) exposures. When more than one route of exposure occurred, dermal and ocular routes were the most common (46%). Almost all events took place indoors and 32 events involved contact with pets. Insecticides (53%) and insect repellants (31%) were the most frequent agents contributing to these events. Manual application of pesticides contributed to the greatest number of events (25%), while application through a pressurized can and use of a trigger pump were involved in 21% and 15% of events, respectively. Additional contributors were due to inappropriate storage of pesticides and improper use of the pesticide. These contributing factors can be removed or minimized if pesticides are stored outside the residence or out of the reach of children and pets, and adequate ventilation is ensured whenever pesticides are applied.

Keywords: children; exposure; illness; injury; pesticide.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of events in childhood reported by month, 2007–2013.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Distribution of events in childhood reported to have exposure by more than one route.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Distribution of events in childhood reported by nature of exposure (some exposures classified into more than one grouping).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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